Multiple modes of water quality impairment by fecal contamination in a rapidly developing coastal area: southwest Brunswick County, North Carolina

Abstract

for assistance with field and laboratory work. We 3 thank SBWSA, the N.C. Division of Water Quality, and the Brunswick County Health Department 4 for field investigations. We thank three anonymous reviewers, Rick Shiver, and Michael Mallin 5 for critical reviews of the manuscript. Special thanks to Joe Tombro for running interference for us 6 in a hostile setting.

Effects of submerged zone, media aging, and antecedent dry period on the performance of biochar-amended biofilters in removing fecal indicators and nutrients from natural stormwater

“…One of the major stormwater biofilter design goals is to maximize the removal efficiency of microbial contaminants and nutrients, primarily due to the associated public and ecological health implications, respectively. Runoff-associated fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) contamination is one of the major sources of surface water impairment in the U.S (Cahoon et al 2016). On the other hand, capturing nitrogen and phosphorus from stormwater is crucial for preventing algal blooms in receiving waters, as well for boosting soil fertility to support the vegetation in stormwater best management practices (BMPs) (Mallin et al 2009).…”

Impact of sewage discharges on coastal water quality of Mumbai, India: present and future scenarios

“…Sewage contains organic matter and faecal coliform (FC) which experiences bacterial decomposition that reduces dissolved oxygen (DO) and increases biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the water. Discharges of sewage and wastewater in the coastal environment become a serious concern and challenge to the water authorities that require proper planning and management (Islam and Tanaka 2004;Jones et al 2011;Cahoon et al 2016). …”

A Review of Water Quality Responses to Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes 2: Nutrients, Algal Blooms, Sediment, Pathogens

“…Frequent high fecal bacteria levels at times of no precipitation are typically connected to land management factors such as point source discharges or failing septic/sewer systems (Cahoon et al. ). In several locations, periods of dry weather followed by heavy rainfall have also preceded outbreaks of waterborne disease (TDOH ; Patz et al.…”

“…In Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay, annual and seasonal precipitation totals from 1979 to 2013 had a strong positive relationship with average fecal bacteria levels in shellfish harvest waters (Leight et al 2016). Frequent high fecal bacteria levels at times of no precipitation are typically connected to land management factors such as point source discharges or failing septic/sewer systems (Cahoon et al 2016). In several locations, periods of dry weather followed by heavy rainfall have also preceded outbreaks of waterborne disease (TDOH 1999;Patz et al 2000;Funari et al 2012).…”