Multiple NMR T2 relaxation values in human liver tissue

Bernardino, Michael E.; Small, William; Goldstein, J. H.; Sewell, Charles W.; Sones, Peter J.; Gedgaudas-McClees, K; Galambos, John T.; Wenger, J; Casarella, William J.

doi:10.1016/0730-725x(84)90078-x

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In addition, comparison of the standard deviation measured in 1990 by Thomsen and in 1993 by de Certaines (±153 and ±142 ms respectively) with that in the present study (±45 ms) indicates there has been improvement in the accuracy of the method and the MRI equipment [21,26]. Magnetic resonance relaxometry has been evaluated earlier in experimental ex vivo settings [29,30]. Results of these studies show that MR relaxometry may fulfil the requirements of a non-invasive, quantitative and reproducible test to identify liver cirrhosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis

et al. 2012

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“…This is consistent with a previous spectroscopy study that found T2L, but not T2S, was significantly correlated with the percentage of fat within cirrhotic liver biopsy specimens [229].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Magnetic resonance characterisation of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in a diet induced model of liver cancer in the rat

Alghamdi¹

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disorder associated with abnormal lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, is considered benign disorder in nature. However, in some cases it may progress to inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), then cirrhosis, precancerous nodules and finally to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD and NASH are both reversible with appropriate clinical intervention and lifestyle changes. In developed countries, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming one of the most common causes of precancerous and HCC lesions [1]. Unfortunately, most nodular lesions are detected too late with a poor prognosis. The discovery of markers that can predict which livers may progress to HCC would allow early intervention and potentially halting progress to HCC. This would be of great benefit at any stage up to precancerous lesions, however the earlier the better.Development of end stage liver malignancy would be decreased, resulting in decreased mortality from this disease.Histology is considered the reference standard for the assessment of fatty disease and nodular lesion in liver. However, there are significant drawbacks including invasiveness, small sample size and observer-dependence which limits its usefulness in evaluating liver disease.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive modality that can provide information on anatomical and physiological changes in the liver (e.g. fatty liver disease and HCC). MRI images are primarily assessed visually by expert radiologists looking for anatomical and contrast changes in the images compared to normal tissue. This qualitative method requires inspection of all datasets for abnormalities. Visual interpretation is subjective, labour intensive, and depends on the experience of the radiologist. This can introduce inter-observer variation and is suitable only when the pathology leads to sufficient contrast changes in the images acquired.MRI also allows the calculation of quantitative parameters like T1, T2 and diffusion values. These parameters are dependent on physical, chemical and microstructural properties of the tissue. When standard protocols are used, the calculation of these parameters should be independent of the observer. This has the potential for more precise characterization of changes that occur over time. Clinically, here has been limited utilization of these methods, as they generally require longer acquisition times and significant post processing of the images. Declaration by authorThis thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text.

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“…The presence of iron in the human body results in marked alterations of tissue relaxation times. [14][15][16][17][18] While T1 decreases only moderately, T2 demonstrates a substantial decrease. [19][20][21] Myocardial T2, a parameter measured by spinecho techniques, has been shown in experimental animals to have an inverse correlation with myocardial iron content.…”

Section: The Role Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Iron Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Thalassemic Syndromes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives

Mavrogeni¹,

Markousis‐Mavrogenis²,

Kolovou³

2014

Thalassemia Reports

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Iron can be deposited in all internal organs, leading to different types of functional abnormalities. However, myocardial iron overload that contributes to heart failure remains one of the main causes of death in thalassemia major. Using magnetic resonance imaging, tissue iron is detected indirectly by the effects on relaxation times of ferritin and hemosiderin iron interacting with hydrogen nuclei. The presence of iron in the human body results in marked alterations of tissue relaxation times. Currently, cardiovascular magnetic resonance using T2* is routinely used in many countries to identify patients with myocardial iron loading and guide chelation therapy, specifically tailored to the heart. Myocardial T2* is the only clinically validated non-invasive measure of myocardial iron loading and is superior to surrogates such as serum ferritin, liver iron, ventricular ejection fraction and tissue Doppler parameters. Finally, the substantial amelioration of patients' survival, allows the detection of other organs' abnormalities due to iron overload, apart from the heart, missed in the past. Recent studies revealed that iron deposition has a different pattern in various parenchymal organs, which is independent from serum ferritin and follows an individual way after chelation treatment application. This new upcoming reality orders a closer monitoring of all organs of the body in order to detect preclinical lesions and early apply adequate treatment.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (by-nc 3.0).

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Multiple NMR T2 relaxation values in human liver tissue

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis

MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis

Magnetic resonance characterisation of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in a diet induced model of liver cancer in the rat

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Thalassemic Syndromes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives

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