Multiple ocular developmental defects in four closely related alpacas

Knickelbein, Kelly E.; Maggs, David J.; Reilly, Christopher M.; Good, Kathryn L.; Gionfriddo, Juliet R.

doi:10.1111/vop.12540

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Currently, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database of inherited disorders contains 11 and 17 entries including coat colour-associated disorders for alpacas and llamas, respectively [9]. For instance, there were cases of choanal atresia, hernias, angular limb deformities, polydactyly, cleft palate, atresia vulvi, ventricular septal defect, hypoplasia of the reproductive organs, congenital cataract, bilateral deafness in animals with pure white coat and blue iris pigmentation, ocular abnormalities and nasolacrimal duct aplasia were reported in single case studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The most common diagnosis among 56 sick juvenile individuals (crias) was the presence of at least one congenital disorder such as choanal atresia, ocular malformation, bone deformation, vulvar deformation, hermaphroditism, or cardiac malformation [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

et al. 2020

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Background The increasing popularity of alpacas and llamas outside of South America is undeniable. The associated limited genetic diversity raises questions about health and other genetically determined traits like coat colour. Therefore, a survey studying the prevalence of congenital disorders and coat colours and patterns in South American camelids was performed in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Moreover, the motivation for keeping these animals, the herd size and breeds was assessed. Results A total of 146 questionnaires were returned corresponding to 16 farms from Austria, 69 farms from Germany, and 61 farms from Switzerland. In total, the returned surveys reported data on 2770 animals including ~ 85% alpacas and ~ 15% llamas. The most common alpaca breed was Huacaya (87.7%), the most common llama breed was Wooly (15.6%). Breeding (69.4%), wool production (63.3%) and keeping them as pets (53.7%) were the most common motivations to keep these animals, although this varied among countries. The three coat colour groups, solid white (24.8%), brown and black (64.8%) and grey (10.4%), occurred at different frequencies. About 7% of the South American camelids with solid white coat showed blue-pigmented eyes, corresponding to the known blue-eyed white phenotype, of which more than every second animal was apparently deaf. Uniform solid coloured animals occurred predominantly (81.4%), whereas pinto (8.8%), speckled (6.4%) and spotted (3.4%), also known as appaloosa, were comparably less prevalent. In total 161 observations of congenital disorders occurring during a 5-year-period were reported. The most prevalent disorders were in the group of musculoskeletal disorders such as spiral toe growth (16.4%), hyperextension of the fetlock joint (12.3%), angular limb deformities (11.0%) and axial rotation of the limbs (8.2%). Conclusions This survey revealed first insights into the occurrence of different traits and disorders in the current South American camelid population of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The identification of the most common musculoskeletal disorders might encourage the breeders to eliminate affected animals from their breeding program to decrease the incidence although traits such as spiral toe growth might also represent phenocopies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

et al. 2020

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“…Developmental and heritable eye disease has been reported in alpacas 6 7 . Importantly, some developmental variations in young animals, such as persistent hyaloid artery and Bergmeister's papillae, appear to be of no clinical significance 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmology of clinically normal alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the United Kingdom: a cross‐sectional study

2020

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BackgroundAlpacas are being more frequently presented to veterinarians in the UK. It is important to validate whether published normal ocular parameters are consistent with the alpaca population in the UK.MethodsOphthalmic examinations were performed on healthy alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from three farms in East Anglia, UK.ResultsOn direct ophthalmoscopy of 35 alpacas, there was a 50 per cent prevalence of opacities within the lens in alpacas older than two years old (n=8/16). There was a 36.8 per cent prevalence of persistent hyaloid arteries in alpacas under two years old (n=7/19). The mean Schirmer tear test-1 value was 20.0 ±6 mm/minute (n=40). The mean intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry was 17.2 ±5.5 mmHg (n=46), and applanation tonometry resulted in statistically similar values (P=0.30; n=25). There was a significant variation in intraocular pressure throughout a 24-hour period (n=8). Fluorescein dye was not detected at the nostrils of any of the alpacas which underwent a Jones test to assess nasolacrimal duct patency (n=8).ConclusionThe ophthalmic findings appear largely consistent with previously published values from North America and continental Europe. Variations include the large range of measurements obtained and evidence of diurnal variation in intraocular pressure.

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Ophthalmology of Tylopoda: Camels, Alpacas, Llamas, Vicunas, and Guanacos

Ledbetter

2022

Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology

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Multiple ocular developmental defects in four closely related alpacas

Abstract: The developmental ocular abnormalities diagnosed in these closely related alpacas are likely hereditary.

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

Ophthalmology of clinically normal alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the United Kingdom: a cross‐sectional study

Ophthalmology of Tylopoda: Camels, Alpacas, Llamas, Vicunas, and Guanacos

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