Multiple Outbreaks and Clinico-pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H5N8 in Poultry Farms in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria

Ameji, Negedu Onogu; Oladele, O.O.; Jambalang, Alexander Ray; Adanu, Adanu Williams; Chinyere, Chinonyerem N.; Meseko, Clement; Lombin, L.H.

doi:10.36380/jwpr.2021.45

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In duck flocks, especially for adults, an MR > 3 was observed less often. This is in line with reports of relatively limited mortality on duck farms with outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 or H5N8, including those from Egypt (2015) [ 44 ], Korea (2015) [ 48 ] and Nigeria (2021) [ 43 ]. The mean mortality was slightly higher and peaked more often in the 26 days before notification for ducks and meat-type broilers compared to layer-type farms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…With regard to differences in clinical signs between poultry types, we found that signs of the nervous and locomotor system were mainly reported in ducks, but also in meat-type poultry and less frequently on farms with layer-type poultry. Similar findings have been described in field and experimental studies for several different H5 HPAI viruses of clade 2.3.3.4., including H5N1 [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], H5N2 [ 44 , 45 ], H5N6 [ 46 ] and H5N8 [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 ]. Whereas we observed neurological and locomotor signs more often in broilers than in layers, in Nigeria, only layers, and not broilers showed these signs during the HPAI H5N1 and H5N8 outbreaks [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar findings have been described in field and experimental studies for several different H5 HPAI viruses of clade 2.3.3.4., including H5N1 [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], H5N2 [ 44 , 45 ], H5N6 [ 46 ] and H5N8 [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 ]. Whereas we observed neurological and locomotor signs more often in broilers than in layers, in Nigeria, only layers, and not broilers showed these signs during the HPAI H5N1 and H5N8 outbreaks [ 43 ]. In the Dutch outbreaks, respiratory signs were more often reported in chickens, especially in meat-type poultry, than in ducks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014–2022

Wolters,

Vernooij,

Spliethof

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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This study describes clinical manifestations of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, H5N8 and H5N6 outbreaks between 2014 and 2018 and 2020 and 2022 in the Netherlands for different poultry types and age groups. Adult duck (breeder) farms and juvenile chicken (broiler and laying pullet) farms were not diagnosed before 2020. Outbreaks in ducks decreased in 2020–2022 vs. 2014–2018, but increased for meat-type poultry. Neurological, locomotor and reproductive tract signs were often observed in ducks, whereas laying- and meat-type poultry more often showed mucosal membrane and skin signs, including cyanosis and hemorrhagic conjunctiva. Juveniles (chickens and ducks) showed neurological and locomotor signs more often than adults. Diarrhea occurred more often in adult chickens and juvenile ducks. Mortality increased exponentially within four days before notification in chickens and ducks, with a more fluctuating trend in ducks and meat-type poultry than in layers. For ducks, a mortality ratio (MR) > 3, compared to the average mortality of the previous week, was reached less often than in chickens. A lower percentage of laying flocks with MR > 3 was found for 2020–2022 vs. 2014–2018, but without significant differences in clinical signs. This study provides a basis for improvements in mortality- and clinical-sign-based early warning criteria, especially for juvenile chickens and ducks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014–2022

Wolters,

Vernooij,

Spliethof

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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“…Nigeria adopted a stamping out control policy for eradication of HPAI right from the onset with initial success. However, the recurrent reports of outbreaks of HPAI since the country was declared free of a strain of the disease in 2013, are pointers to show that the policy may no longer be a sufficient control measure [5] [7] [15]. Factors which might contribute to possible endemicity of the HPAI viruses in the country range from poor implementation and sustenance of biosecurity and sanitary measures in backyard and commercial poultry production as well as in the live bird markets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Assessment of the Clinico-Pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks in Commercial Poultry and Peri-Domestic Birds in Northern Nigeria

Ameji¹,

Oladele²,

Adanu³

et al. 2022

JBM

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The control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Nigeria from inception is predicated on effective biosecurity by stamping out policy but outbreaks of the disease continued to re-occur with altered clinico-pathologic manifestations. This study undertook the qualitative assessment of the clinico-pathological features of HPAI H5N1 during the 2021/2022 outbreaks in commercial poultry and peri-domestic birds in northern Nigeria. A total of 22 commercial poultry farms with 53,932 laying chickens and 3 households with 120 backyard broiler chickens, 18 indigenous chickens, 10 peafowls and 9 geese were investigated for HPAI. The clinico-pathologic manifestations observed in commercial poultry were subtle compared to previous presentations of the disease except in the peafowls, geese, broilers and indigenous chickens. The interspecies mortality rates significantly varied from 1.6% to 19.6% for laying chickens and 33.3% to 100% for broilers, indigenous chickens, geese and peafowls. Based on the history of sudden and high mortality, clinical signs and post mortem lesions observed, three diseases; HPAI, very virulent Newcastle disease and fowl cholera were drawn out as differential diagnoses. However, a tentative diagnosis of HPAI was made and samples were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria for confirmatory diagnosis. Results of the laboratory tests conducted on the samples using one step flu A screening and duplex real time RT-PCR,

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Multiple Outbreaks and Clinico-pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H5N8 in Poultry Farms in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

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Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014–2022

Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014–2022

Qualitative Assessment of the Clinico-Pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks in Commercial Poultry and Peri-Domestic Birds in Northern Nigeria

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