Multiple outer-reef tracts along the south Florida bank margin: Outlier reefs, a new windward-margin model

Lidz, Barbara H.; Hine, Albert C.; Shinn, Eugene A.; Kindinger, Jack L.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0115:mortat>2.3.co;2

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…As mentioned above, studies in south Florida have shown that some Holocene reefs overlie latest Pleistocene reefs of MIS 5c and 5a (Toscano and Lundberg 1999;Multer et al 2002). These youngest Pleistocene reefs form wedge-shaped deposits between seaward-dipping MIS 5e and Holocene reefs (Multer et al 2002) as well as outlier reefs (Lidz et al 1991) at the shelf margin.…”

Section: Atoll and Northern Belize Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

Pleistocene facies of Belize barrier and atoll reefs

Gischler

2006

Facies

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The knowledge of Pleistocene reef facies of Belize, Central America, is largely limited to outcrops in the northernmost part of the country. Otherwise, Pleistocene limestone, which forms the basement of the modern barrier and atoll reefs, occurs in the subsurface and is to a major extent unstudied. Based on the study of 40 m of core from 25 rotary core holes collected on central and southern Belize barrier and on atoll reefs, five Pleistocene reef facies are distinguished in the present study. They include (1) Acropora palmata grainstone, (2) Acropora cervicornis grainstone, (3) biogenic grainstone, (4) mollusk packstone, and (5) mollusk-foram wackestone. Facies 1 and 3 occur on marginal reefs, facies 2 is found on marginal and lagoonal reefs, and facies 4 and 5 mark lagoon shoals and lagoons, respectively. Most of the facies have equivalents in the Pleistocene of the wider Caribbean and also in the modern of the study area. Diagenetic features include dissolution, caliche formation, laminated blocky low-magnesium-calcite and dogtooth spars. Age data from Pleistocene corals obtained during earlier studies are discussed, and indicate deposition during marine isotope stage 5, between 140-80 ka bp.

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Section: Atoll and Northern Belize Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

Pleistocene facies of Belize barrier and atoll reefs

Gischler

2006

Facies

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“…1). Off the islands of the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Holocene shelf-edge reefs, inshore patch reefs (landward of the shelf margin), and ''outlier'' reefs (seaward of the shelfedge, after Lidz et al 1991) also occur (Toscano and Lundberg 1998;Lidz et al 2003;Lidz 2004). The two reef tracts are considered distinct structures due to their respective shelf positions and underlying topographies; i.e., Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene indurated beach/dune ridges of the SE Florida continental reef tract and Pleistocene coral reefs of the Florida Keys reef tract (Shinn et al 1977;Banks et al 2007).…”

Section: Communicated By Handling Editor Chris Perrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Accretion history of mid-Holocene coral reefs from the southeast Florida continental reef tract, USA

Stathakopoulos

Riegl

2014

Coral Reefs

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Sixteen new coral reef cores were collected to better understand the accretion history and composition of submerged relict reefs offshore of continental southeast (SE) Florida. Coral radiometric ages from three sites on the shallow inner reef indicate accretion initiated by 8,050 Cal BP and terminated by 5,640 Cal BP. The reef accreted up to 3.75 m of vertical framework with accretion rates that averaged 2.53 m kyr -1 . The reef was composed of a nearly even mixture of Acropora palmata and massive corals. In many cases, cores show an upward transition from massives to A. palmata and may indicate local dominance by this species prior to reef demise. Quantitative macroscopic analyses of reef clasts for various taphonomic and diagenetic features did not correlate well with depth/environmental-related trends established in other studies. The mixed coral framestone reef lacks a classical Caribbean reef zonation and is best described as an immature reef and/or a series of fused patch reefs; a pattern that is evident in both cores and reef morphology. This is in stark contrast to the older and deeper outer reef of the SE Florida continental reef tract. Accretion of the outer reef lasted from 10,695-8,000 Cal BP and resulted in a larger and better developed structure that achieved a distinct reef zonation. The discrepancies in overall reef morphology and size as well as the causes of reef terminations remain elusive without further study, yet they likely point to different climatic/environmental conditions during their respective accretion histories.

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“…The lower (southwestern) keys are composed of the Miami Limestone, a dominantly oolitic marine carbonate rock. Important sea level records have also been found offshore from the Florida Keys (Lidz et al, 1991(Lidz et al, , 1997. Stratigraphic studies by Enos & Perkins (1977) and Multer et al (2002) show that the Key Largo Limestone consists of five distinct, coral-dominated Quaternary limestones, from oldest to youngest, Q1 through Q5 (Fig.…”

Section: Floridamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4), there are outlier reef tracts called Sand Key and Carysfort reef that have been described in detail by Lidz et al (1991Lidz et al ( , 1997. Ludwig et al (1996) and later Toscano & Lundberg (1999) reported TIMS U-series ages of corals from the crest of Sand Key reef, at depths of about 11-14 m, that range from about 80,000 to 84,000 yr.…”

Section: Florida Keys: a Sea-level High Stand Late In The Last Intergmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6). Submerged reefs have been identified off the Florida mainland, the Florida Keys, Puerto Rico, and St. Croix (Lidz et al, 1991(Lidz et al, , 1997Lighty et al, 1978Lighty et al, , 1982Ludwig et al, 1996;Toscano & Lundberg, 1998). Although other Holocene sea-level curves have been made (Bloom, 1983b;Kidson, 1982), the advantage of the Florida and Puerto Rico-St. Croix records is that, as with Barbados, they utilize Acropora palmata-dominated reefs.…”

Section: Sea Level During the Last Glacial Period And The Holocene: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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