Multiple primary malignant neoplasms: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Until recently, few cases of three or more malignant tumors in one patient have been reported. Owing to the high incidence rate of these tumors, the improvement in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and the extension of patient survival time, the incidence of reported multiple primary malignant neoplasms has gradually increased. The present study reported the case of a 57-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer combined with B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E mutation, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and lumbar vertebral malignant mucinous sarcoma. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of these three malignancies are discussed and previous studies are also reviewed. The aim of the study was to analyze the genetic mutations associated with multiple primary malignant tumors and to discuss whether those mutations with unknown functional significance could be used as therapeutic indicators. This case report will serve as a reference for future treatment of such patients.

Treating with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) Accompanying Lower Incidence of Second Primary Cancers

“…Cancer survival has significantly improved; however, patients with cancer with a longer lifespan are at a higher risk of developing SPCs. A study revealed that the risk of SPCs was higher in cancer survivors than in the general population, with a 3.8% higher probability of developing metachronous SPCs within a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, and that the incidence increased over time with a 10-year cumulative risk of SPCs reaching 13% for patients diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 60 and 69 years [ 5 ]. Therefore, lung cancer survivors have increased chances of developing SPCs.…”

“…Recently, the development of chest computed tomography has improved the early diagnosis of lung cancer [ 1 ], and precision medicine with individualized and molecularly targeted therapy has improved the survival of patients with lung cancer [ 2 ]. Evidence shows that cancer survivors are at an increased risk of second primary cancers (SPCs) [ 3 , 4 ], and the incidence of SPCs has increased over time with a 10-year cumulative risk reaching as high as 13% for patients diagnosed with cancer at the age between 60 and 69 years [ 5 ]. A study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 13 registry to examine the multiple primary standardized incidence ratio and risk between January 2004 and December 2010 for patients with stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the results showed that 1431 (11.68%) of 12,246 patients had SPCs [ 6 ].…”

Durable Clinical Response to Immune and Targeted Therapies in an Elderly Man with Synchronous Gastric (HER2+) and Bladder Cancers: Case Report and Literature Review

“…Unlike isolated occurrences, the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies may be linked to specific genetic defects detectable by nextgeneration sequencing. 15 Still, standard treatments for MPMTs are not well established. Parameters to consider in treatment planning include certain tumor-specific (stage, biologic behavior) and patient-related variables (age, physical condition, life expectancy, and comorbidities).…”

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with multisegmental spinal metastases as first presentation: A case report and review of the literature

“…Because GIST does not respond to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the gold standard for the treatment of GIST is surgical resection[ 5 ]. In addition, the use of Imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (TKI), significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with GIST[ 6 - 8 ]. GIST metastasis usually occurs in the liver (28%), mesentery and omentum (30%), and less often in the lungs (7%), subcutaneous tissue (4.7%), and lymph nodes (4.7%)[ 9 , 10 ], whereas GIST bone metastasis is very rare (only 0.47%)[ 11 ].…”