Multiple regulation of peptide YY secretion in the digestive tract

Onaga, Takenori; Zabielski, R.; Kato, Shinichi

doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00609-x

Cited by 111 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Upon ingestion of a meal, PYY levels rise within 15 min, peak at 60 min and remain elevated for up to 6 h in humans [6]. The initial rise of PYY appears to be due to an indirect neural reflex, whereas the sustained release of PYY appears to be a direct effect of intraluminal contents on endocrine L cells [7]. Dietary fat is the most potent stimulant of PYY release [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis: Obese people exhibit reduced circulating peptide YY (PYY) levels, but it is unclear whether this is a consequence or cause of obesity. We therefore investigated the effect of Pyy ablation on energy homeostasis. Methods: Body composition, i.p. glucose tolerance, food intake and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression were determined in Pyy knock-out and wildtype mice on a normal or high-fat diet. Results: Pyy knock-out significantly increased bodyweight and increased fat mass by 50% in aged females on a normal diet. Male chow-fed Pyy −/− mice were resistant to obesity but became significantly fatter and glucose-intolerant compared with wild-types when fed a high-fat diet. Pyy knock-out animals exhibited significantly elevated fasting or glucose-stimulated serum insulin concentrations vs wild-types, with no increase in basal or fasting-induced food intake. Pyy knock-out decreased or had no effect on neuropeptide Y expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and significantly increased proopiomelanocortin expression in this region. Male but not female knock-outs exhibited significantly increased growth hormone-releasing hormone expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus and significantly elevated serum IGF-I and testosterone levels. This sex difference in activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary somatotrophic axis by Pyy ablation may contribute to the resistance of chow-fed male knockouts to late-onset obesity. Conclusions/interpretation: PYY signalling is important in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, possibly via regulation of insulin release. Therefore reduced PYY levels may predispose to the development of obesity, particularly with ageing or under conditions of high-fat feeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity

et al. 2006

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“…Thus, to investigate the physiological role of PYY in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis in the absence of possible compensatory changes, we generated a conditional PYY transgenic mouse model in which PYY overexpression is induced in adulthood, and in which posttranslational modification of PYY1-36 to PYY3-36 is achieved by the host's own regulatory machinery. Moreover, the single extra copy of the PYY transcript in these transgenic mice is only processed to mature and functional protein in cells and tissues that have endogenous machineries to process pre-proPYY peptide, and is released due to endogenously-controlled neuronal, hormonal and meal nutrient stimulation (Onaga et al, 2002). Thus in this model, PYY overexpression is expected to occur only in tissues endogenously producing PYY or similar peptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult-onset PYY overexpression in mice reduces food intake and increases lipogenic capacity

et al. 2012

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Peptide YY (PYY) is best known for its important role in appetite regulation, but recent pharmacological studies have suggested that PYY is also involved in regulating energy balance and glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanism behind the regulation of these parameters by PYY is less clear. Here, by utilising an inducible transgenic mouse model where PYY overexpression is induced in adult animals (PYYtg) and release of mature PYY peptides is controlled by endogenous machineries, we show that elevating PYY levels leads to reduced food intake after a 24-h fast. Furthermore, PYYtg mice, although not significantly different from WT with respect to body weight, adiposity, lean mass, physical activity or energy expenditure, exhibited a significantly increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER), indicating decreased lipid oxidation and/or increased lipogenesis. Importantly, PYYtg mice showed a 25% reduction in liver protein levels of phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC) in the absence of changes in total ACC levels compared to those of WT mice. Moreover, liver protein levels of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in PYYtg mice were 25% lower than those of WT mice, consistent with a reduced pACC in these mice. These data suggest that elevation of PYY levels as seen after a meal can increase lipogenic capacity, which is likely a key contributor to the increased RER seen in PYYtg mice. In addition, PYYtg mice exhibited comparable insulin tolerance and oral glucose tolerance to those of WT, but showed a trend towards decreased insulin levels in response to an oral glucose challenge, indicating that PYY could improve insulin action. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that under physiological conditions, PYY reduces food intake while enhancing lipogenic capacity and insulin action, likely contributing to fuel assimilation in the postprandial state.

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“…Dietary manipulations aiming to take advantage of these peptides should thus operate within this time frame. Moreover, the secretory response of these peptides is proportional to calories ingested (Adrian et al, 1985) and responsive to the macronutrient composition of ingested foods (Elliott et al, 1993;Onaga et al, 2002;Batterham et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individually timing high-protein preloads has no effect on daily energy intake, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1

Willbond

Doucet

2010

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Gut hormones have been shown to influence energy intake (EI). To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effects of dietary patterns aimed at optimizing fullness on EI, appetite and gut hormones. Subject/Methods: To determine whether individually timing high-protein preloads would impact EI, appetite, and peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. Ten men (body mass index ¼ 25.5 ± 2.6 kg/m 2 ) participated in a randomized crossover trial. The three conditions consisted of the self-selection of snacks (condition 1), or the consumption of a preload (300 kcal: 40% protein, 40% carbohydrates and 20% fat) at either 15 min (condition 2) or B 50 min (individually set) (condition 3) before lunch and dinner. During each condition, a standardized breakfast was served, whereas lunch and dinner were selfselected from a five-item menu, and eaten ad libitum. Mealtime and daily EI were measured. Appetite, peptide YY and GLP-1 were sampled over 9 h. Results: No differences in daily EI were noted across conditions (1 ¼ 3078 ± 720 kcal; 2 ¼ 2929 ± 264 kcal; 3 ¼ 2998 ± 437 kcal; not significant). For the most part, daily profiles as well as premeal levels of peptide YY and GLP-1 were not different between conditions. Desire to eat, hunger and prospective food consumption were found to be lowest during condition 1 (Po0.05). Conclusions: According to these results, it would seem that individually timing high-protein preloads does not reduce daily EI in healthy human subjects.

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Multiple regulation of peptide YY secretion in the digestive tract

Cited by 111 publications

References 75 publications

Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity

Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity

Adult-onset PYY overexpression in mice reduces food intake and increases lipogenic capacity

Individually timing high-protein preloads has no effect on daily energy intake, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1

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