Multiple resistance to DMI, QoI and SDHI fungicides in field isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi

Differential response to DMI, QoI and SDHI fungicides in wheat and signal grass blast populations from Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…Marked differences between the three SDHI fungicides were found in in vitro assays with regard to the EC 50 levels; the strains were generally least sensitive to FLUX, followed by BIXA and BENZ. Huang et al, 2019;Müller et al, 2021;Pethybridge et al, 2020;Villani et al, 2016). possible explanation for such difference is that we used FLUX at the commercial recommended dose for wheat (50 ml/ha), equivalent to 250 μg/ml in our in vivo experiment, while Vicentini and co-workers applied a dose of 5 μg/ml, much lower than that recommended for field applications.…”

“…For example, in Colletotrichum sp. isolates collected from different hosts (Ishii et al, 2016) and in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Venturia inaequalis , Cercospora beticola , Botrytis cinerea and Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Hu et al, 2016; Huang et al, 2019; Müller et al, 2021; Pethybridge et al, 2020; Villani et al, 2016).…”

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Profiles of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-carbohydrazides with Molecular Diversity

“…The common daily necessities including vegetables, fruits, and grains have been strongly threatened by the insanely growing agricultural pests, especially the inscrutable fungi. − This event smoothly makes the susceptive plants suffer severe symptoms, including discoloration, necrosis, decomposition, and deformity, thus seriously degrading food quality and cutting down crop yields. , Fungicides display a decisive role in crop protection in view of the huge population and wide distribution of various disease-causing fungal strains. − Among these commercially available fungicides, the representative succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors (SDHIs) that can disrupt the mitochondrial respiration chain and Krebs cycle have been extensively applied to protect vegetables, fruits, and crops. − Given the intriguing mode of fungicidal behavior, 23 effective SDHIs are successively created and launched into the agrochemical market, thus, rapidly becoming the most acclaimed fungicides with steadily surging annual sales. , Despite these outstanding features, SDHIs are confronted with the ever-increasing resistance because of the relatively monotonous prototypical pharmacophoric scheme bridged by the amide bond and the single-ubiquinone binding site specificity. − Indeed, an array of fungal strains, exemplified by Mycosphaerella graminicola, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus oryzae, and Corynespora cassiicola, are reported to confer resistance to current SDHIs. − Based on this aggravated situation, the most fundamental approach to address this challenge is the continuous exploration and creation of novel antifungal chemotypes that differentiate the currently used SDHIs. − Consequently, massive efforts, such as structural modifications of carboxyl part or amine moiety, are executed constantly and thus afford a certain amount of bioactive ingredients with appreciable antifungal abilities . However, these achieved SDHI analogues normally belong to carboxamides and possess a monotonic amide bond connection. − Therefore, further discovery and development of fresh molecular frameworks different from the traditional SDHIs will be highly approved.…”

Editorial: Plant microbiome: Ecology, functions, and application trends

“…Fungal diseases caused by plant pathogens pose a significant challenge to agroecosystems. The widespread use of fungicides for disease control has resulted in developing fungal resistance ( Müller et al., 2021 ) and the accumulation of chemical residues in seeds ( Wei et al., 2022 ). For instance, soybean crops suffer from significant productivity loss due to leaf rust disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi .…”