Multiple rings formation in cascaded conical refraction

Conical refraction: fundamentals and applications

“…As a proof of principle, we have applied this formalism to the case of a linearly polarized axicon beam. This theory has been shown to be of significantly usefulness for the calculation of the transverse intensity pattern obtained for an arbitrary large cascade of crystals with aligned optic axes [55]. In this case, the resulting pattern after a cascade of N crystals contains in general 2 N −1 concentric bright rings.…”

“…It is also promising the generation of polarization-tunable potentials to inject, extract and ma-nipulate ultra-cold atoms [55,144]. Additionally, by taking into account that the CR beams posses orbital angular momentum [140] and that the biaxial crystals used are transparent to a wide frequency range, the presented technique could be an alternative for the production of high-frequency vortex beams for molecular-scale super-resolution microscopy [145].…”

“…By modifying this 1D light sheet to a blue-detuned double layer also accessible via CR [54,66] again a fully blue-detuned dark trap geometry with added flexibility is generated. Additionally, a radial optical lattice could be generated by means of a cascade of biaxial crystals, generating 2 N −1 dark rings for a cascade of N biaxial crystals [55,83]. This could be also combined with the technique shown in [82] to generate an azimuthal optical lattice with controllable number of nodes and separation between them, applicable in quantum-many body systems experiments [219,220].…”

“…Alternatively, we have also presented a novel proposal that can be used to easily predict the CR pattern at the focal plane by means of a wave-vector and polarization formalism [54] that can be also used in a cascade of biaxial crystals, as we have also shown in Ref. [55]. In this chapter, we present these three theories and study in detail all the characteristics associated to CR both for single and multiple crystals.…”

“…[52][53][54][55][56] and has been done in collaboration of Alba Peinado,Ángel Lizana, Irene Estévez and Juan Campos from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Hiromitsu Tomizawa from the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Asticio Vargas and Fabián A. TorresRuiz from the Universidad de Concepción; and Ignacio Moreno from the Universidad Miguel Hernández.…”