Multiple Roles and the Self: A Theory of Role Balance

Marks, Stephen R.; MacDermid, Shelley M.

doi:10.2307/353506

Cited by 611 publications

(546 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A positive spillover takes place where performance in one role is enhanced by the other role (Barnett & Hyde, 2001;Carlson, Kacmar, Wayne, & Grzywacz, 2006). Participation in several roles is thought to produce an increased resource pool since it can allow individuals to enhance their self-esteem in different contexts, which can provide more buffers and support (Marks & MacDermid, 1996;Sieber, 1974;Thoits, 1983). When holding several roles and the work role interferes negatively with the family role, individuals experience work-family conflict (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985).…”

Section: The Multiple Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Insecurity and Its Consequences: Investigating Moderators, Mediators and Gender

Richter¹

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This thesis has aimed at increasing our understanding of the relations between job insecurity and its consequences by addressing several specific research aims. The first research aim focused on increasing the range of job insecurity consequences by studying the relation between job insecurity and work-family conflict over time in order to investigate the directionality of their association, which was addressed in Study 3. It was found that job insecurity affected work-family conflict one year later, but only among men.The second research aim addressed mechanisms involved in the job insecurity-outcome relations. Factors that might make employees more vulnerable to, or buffer against the negative effects of job insecurity were studied. Coping with job insecurity was investigated as potential moderating factors in Study 1. The results showed that problem-focused coping did not function as a buffer, nor did devaluation coping and avoidance coping, the two types of emotion-focused coping studied. Avoidance coping was actually a vulnerability factor for men, and related to more negative reactions to job insecurity in terms of job satisfaction and mental health complaints. Two forms of job dependence were also investigated in Study 2 as potential moderating factors of the relations between job insecurity and its outcomes. It was found that the relative contribution to the household income functioned as a vulnerability factor for men. Higher levels of work centrality combined with either quantitative or qualitative job insecurity were related to higher levels of job satisfaction among women. As a final mechanism, workload was investigated as a mediating variable of the relation between job insecurity and its outcomes in Study 3. The results showed that workload linked job insecurity to work-family conflict one year later, but only for men.The third research aim of this thesis addressed gender, and differences between men and women were found in all three studies, where men overall seemed to suffer more from job insecurity. All in all, these results confirm previous results regarding the negative impact of job insecurity, but also provide information regarding important areas for future research to study, such as the further investigation of mechanisms as well as the role of gender.

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Section: The Multiple Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Insecurity and Its Consequences: Investigating Moderators, Mediators and Gender

Richter¹

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…The resulting hierarchy reveals important information, but it presents respondents with a forced choice that may not best represent their lived experiences. For example, some men may wish to rank their identities as "husband" and "father" as equally important (i.e., some identities may be organized non-hierarchically), making the organization of roles and identities within the self an "empirical issue" (Marks & MacDermid, 1996), to be determined through observation rather than imposed upon respondents. Several researchers have used non-hierarchical measures of identity, measuring centrality by asking such questions as, how often men thought about what is best for their children (Pasley et al, 2002), or, "How important are …people's opinions of you as a father" (DeGarmo, 2010).…”

Section: Identity Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Fatherhood to U.S. Married and Cohabiting Men

Tichenor¹,

McQuillan²,

Greil³

et al. 2011

Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Me

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“…The positive aspects of multiple roles are emphasised in the role enhancement hypothesis (Marks and McDermid 1996) and by role accumulation theory (Sieber 1974;Thoits 1983). The benefits of multiple roles are assumed to buffer the stresses of combining them.…”

Section: Earlier Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norwegian sandwiches

Daatland¹,

Veenstra²,

Lima³

2010

Eur J Ageing

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Population ageing changes profoundly the current balance between generations. Governments are responding with policies to promote later retirement and family care, but these ideals may come in conflict in mid-life when family obligations can be hard to reconcile with employment. Yet we know little about the prevalence of being ''sandwiched'', and even less about the consequences. This article maps out the prevalence of different forms of family and work sandwiching for the Norwegian population, and explores adaptive strategies and psycho-social outcomes. The analyses are based on data from the NorLAG and LOGG studies (n = 15 109, age 18-84). Preliminary findings indicate that 75-80% of the population are located in-between younger and older family generations in midlife, the great majority are at the same time in paid work, but comparatively few (8-9% aged 35-45) have both children and parents in need at the same time, and fewer still (3%) are then also caregivers to older parents. Although few in proportion of their age group, they add up to a considerable number of persons. Women are more likely to reduce work in response to family needs than men. Implications of family and work sandwiching for health and well-being are analysed.

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Multiple Roles and the Self: A Theory of Role Balance

Cited by 611 publications

References 26 publications

Job Insecurity and Its Consequences: Investigating Moderators, Mediators and Gender

Job Insecurity and Its Consequences: Investigating Moderators, Mediators and Gender

The Importance of Fatherhood to U.S. Married and Cohabiting Men

Norwegian sandwiches

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