Multiple roles of Ca2+ in the interaction of ciprofloxacin with activated sludge: Spectroscopic investigations of extracellular polymeric substances

Ecological Remediation of Blocked Urban River by Integrated Physical-Biological Approaches

“…The COD Mn was determined from the consumption of potassium permanganate during chemical oxidation of organic matter in the water sample (GB 11892-89). Threedimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectra of the water samples collected in November, 2018 were obtained using an F-4600 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan) which scanned from 280 to 550 nm at 1.0 nm increment for the emission spectra and from 200 to 400 nm with 5.0 nm interval for the excitation spectra at a scan speed of 2400 nm/min [9].…”

“…The EPS participate directly in binding of contaminants and protecting organisms against environmental shocks [9,17]. The EPS were extracted from the biofilms grown on the fiber biofilm carrier for 3D-EEM fluorescence spectra characterization, and several typical fluorophores were identified, as presented in Fig.…”

Biopolymers in Aerobic Granular Sludge—Their Role in Wastewater Treatment and Possibilities of Re-Use in Line with Circular Economy

“…In a sequencing batch reactor operated under norfloxacin stress, the PN and PS contents in LB-EPS and TB-EPS increased as the norfloxacin concentration in the wastewater increased [86]. Ciprofloxacin present in wastewater was mostly bound by tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like proteins in EPS, but addition of Ca 2+ into EPS and ciprofloxacin binding systems caused release of ciprofloxacin from the sludge as a result of cation competition for CO groups in amide I [87]. EPS-associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a source of extracellular ARGs, and they may play an important role in horizontal gene transfer in WWTPs.…”