Multiple roles of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid against proliferation diseases

Abstract

Considerable arguments remain regarding the diverse biological activities of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). One of the most interesting but controversial dietary approaches focused on the diverse function of dihomo-dietary γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation diseases, especially for cancers. This strategy is based on the ability of DGLA to interfere in cellular lipid metabolism and eicosanoid (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) biosynthesis. Subsequently, DGLA can be further converted by inflammatory cells to 15-(S)-hydroxy-8,11,13-eicosatrienoic acid and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). This is noteworthy because these compounds possess both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. PGE1 could also induce growth inhibition and differentiation of cancer cells. Although the mechanism of DGLA has not yet been elucidated, it is significant to anticipate the antitumor potential benefits from DGLA.

Supplementation With 2:1 Ratio of N-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Improves Liver Steatosis and Serum Cytokine Levels in Young Obese Balinese Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…They observed that on average, as much as 36% of ALA was converted to n-3 LC-PUFA (21% EPA, 6% DPA, and 9% DHA) in young obese women. ALA conversion to n-3 LC-PUFA was also reported to be higher among young obese women than among young obese men, probably due to the lower level of lipid β-oxidation among women [33].…”

Serum fatty acid profiling within distinct lipid fractions provides a more robust indicator of insulin resistance in humans than total triglyceride and fatty acid profiles

“…Indeed, while DGLA is a precursor for anti--inflammatory series--1 eicosanoids, AA is a precursor for pro--inflammatory series--2 eicosanoids [302]. Future work will help clarify how this distinct pattern of n--6 PUFA influences eicosanoid biosynthesis, and whether this is an additional mechanism by which inflammation is reduced in MHO individuals.…”

The Discovery of Two Novel Biomarkers in a High-Fat Diet C56bl6 Obese Mouse Model for Non-Adipose Tissue: A Comprehensive LCMS Study at Hind Limb, Heart, Carcass Muscle, Liver, Brain, Blood Plasma and Food Composition Following a Lipidomics LCMS-Based Approach

“…delta6-desaturase (transforms linolenic acid into gamma-linolenic acid by making additional double bond) is the slowest step of the fatty acid metabolism. It's activity is impaired by many physiological and pathologic factors and leads to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) deficiency (Figure 3) [34].…”