Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Common manifestations include paresthesias, diplopia, loss of vision, numbness or weakness of the limbs, bowel or bladder dysfunction, spasticity, ataxia, fatigue, and mental changes. Four main patterns of MS are recognized: relapsing remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive, and progressive relapsing. The cause of MS is unknown, although it appears to be an autoimmune disease. Much of what is known about MS has been learned from an animal model of the disease, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Effect of Self-Care Education on Social Adaptability in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

“…Finally, 25 subjects were assigned to each group. S1 = 18.2, S2 = 17.7, µ 1 -µ 2 = 14.5, α = 0.05, β = 0.2 (1) …”

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive chronic disease caused by the demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) in young adults, which causes disability and reduces personal and social performance (1,2). MS commonly affects females approximately 2 or 3 times more than it does males (3,4), and the disease onset usually occurs between the ages of 20 to 40 years (4,5).…”

Uses of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis

“…One study shows that repetitive stimulation has an antispastic effect on MS.[53] The mechanism is still unclear.…”

Increased level of fibrinogen chains in the proteome of blood platelets in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients

“…1 On pathological and clinical grounds, MS is a heterogeneous disease, and therefore different pathophysiological pathways can be activated in different MS patients, to initiate and perpetuate the devastating pathologic process. 3 The nature of the pathophysiology of MS is very complex and almost always involves multiple types of cells. The most common is the first phase of MS, relapsing-remitting (RRMS), in which the disease fluctuates between periods of inflammation/demyelination and remission.…”

“…The least widespread of MS subtypes is progressive-relapsing (PRMS). 3 The nature of the pathophysiology of MS is very complex and almost always involves multiple types of cells. It has been well established that various immune cells, such as the T helper lymphocytes (Th1, Th17), B cells and macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. 4 Blood platelets have also been suggested as contributing to the development of MS.…”