Multiple Sex Cord-stromal Tumors in a Standardbred Stallion Testis

Roxon, Caroline; Slack, JoAnn; Bender, Susan J.; Burns, Herb; Turner, Regina M.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104246

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the absence of metastasis, hemicastration is the treatment of choice in cases of testicular tumors. Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral testis may be observed following removal of the affected testis in younger stallions [23,120]. In the absence of metastasis, hemicastration is the treatment of choice in cases of testicular tumors.…”

Section: Scrotal and Testicular Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Progressive Scrotal Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testicular tumors are rare, representing 0.04–0.9% of all equine tumors, and are generally unilateral [ 120 , 121 ]. They cause progressive, often painless scrotal enlargement [ 120 , 122 ]. However, in some cases, the tunica albuginea may rupture, causing intraparenchymal hemorrhage and a rapid increase in scrotal size [ 123 ], and edema and pain may develop quickly in the scrotal area, often resulting from inflammation rather than being directly caused by the tumor [ 76 ].…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Progressive Scrotal Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four categories of testicular tumors, depending on their origin: (1) germ cell tumors (seminoma, teratoma, teratocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma), (2) sex-cord stromal tumors (Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, mixed sex-cord/stromal cells tumors), (3) mixed germ-cell sex-cord stromal tumors, and (4) primary tumors not specific to the testis (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma) [ 122 ]. The majority of testicular tumors are single and benign [ 120 ]. Most equine testicular tumors are of the germ-cell type.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Progressive Scrotal Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unilateral testicular mastocytoma resulting in progressive scrotal swelling and unilateral testicular enlargement was reported in a 12-year-old Peruvian Paso stallion [ 128 ]. Concurrent Sertoli cell and mixed sex cord-stromal tumors in a single descended testis have been reported in a 12-year-old Standardbred stallion [ 120 ]. Malignant testicular mixed sex cord-stromal tumor with metastasis to spleen, liver, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, pericardium, pleura, bone marrow, and contralateral testis was reported in a 25-year-old stallion.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Progressive Scrotal Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders

Waqas,

Arroyo,

Tibary

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Management of breeding stallions is crucial to equine reproduction. The longevity of the breeding career is the ultimate objective, whether the stallion is used for natural cover or for semen collection and artificial insemination. Stud farm veterinarians should be aware of the techniques used to evaluate testicular function and the diagnostic approach to testicular disorders in cases of emergency. This paper presents the clinical methods used to evaluate testicular health, including palpation, ultrasonography, biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. The discussion of testicular disorders is broken down into four categories: congenital disorders (cryptorchidism, monorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia), differential diagnosis of scrotal enlargement, differential diagnosis of causes of progressive testicular enlargement, and differential diagnosis of testicular asymmetry or reduction in size with an emphasis on testicular degeneration. The sudden increase in testicular size is often accompanied by severe clinical signs and is a major cause for referral of stallion for surgery. Testicular disorders are illustrated with clinical cases seen by the authors.

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Section: Scrotal and Testicular Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%