Multiple sex determining regions in a group of related Chironomus species (Diptera:Chironomidae)

Martin, Jon; Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow; Peart, Dianne H; Lee, Barry T O

doi:10.1038/hdy.1980.34

Cited by 64 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We assume that this locus is autosomal (not linked to the X or Y chromosome). Such autosomal male-determining factors have been found in a number of species (Martin et al, 1980;Traut and Willhoeft, 1990;Dü bendorfer et al, 2002), and are a likely step in the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms (Bull, 1983). Y chromosomal drive leads to male-biased sex ratios and should favour feminizing genes.…”

Section: Genotypes and Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation distortion and the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms

et al. 2009

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Segregation distorters are alleles that distort normal segregation in their own favour. Sex chromosomal distorters lead to biased sex ratios, and the presence of such distorters, therefore, may induce selection for a change in the mechanism of sex determination. The evolutionary dynamics of distorter-induced changes in sex determination has only been studied in some specific systems. Here, we present a generic model for this process. We consider three scenarios: a driving X chromosome, a driving Y chromosome and a driving autosome with a male-determining factor. We investigate how the invasion prospects of a new sexdetermining factor are affected by the strength of distortion and the fitness effect of the distorting allele. Our models show that in many cases, segregation distortion does create selection pressure, allowing novel sex-determining alleles to spread. When distortion leads to female-biased sex ratios, a new masculinizing gene can invade, leading to a new male heterogametic system. When distortion leads to male-biased sex ratios, a feminizing factor can invade and cause a switch to female heterogamety. In many cases, the distorterinduced change in the sex-determining system eventually leads to loss of the distorter from the population. Hence, the presence of sex chromosomal distorters will often only be transient, and the distorters may remain unnoticed. The role of segregation distortion in the evolution of sex determination may, therefore, be underestimated.

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Section: Genotypes and Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation distortion and the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms

et al. 2009

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“…This compiled map suggests that there are at least 5 different candidates for a male sex-determiner in the genus Rana . Likewise, in a group of Australian mosquito Chironomus , sex-determining regions involved in male heterogamety are found at a minimum of 5 different chromosomal locations [Martin et al, 1980]. In salmonids, the male sex-determining gene is located on 4 different linkage groups, suggesting that at least 4 different kinds of male-determining genes exist in the group [Woram et al, 2003].…”

Section: Replacement Of a Master Sex-determining Genementioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionary Witness: the Frog <i>Rana rugosa</i> Underwent Change of Heterogametic Sex from XY Male to ZW Female

Miura

2007

Sex Dev

168

178

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There are two basic types of heterogamety for genetic sex determination in animals and plants: male heterogamety (XX/XY) and female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW). Although apparently in opposition, the two distinct types may in fact be interchangeable. For example, in amphibians it has been shown that the heterogametic sex was originally female and may have become male at some branching point in their phylogenetic evolution. In particular, there is evidence that the male heterogametic sex determination of the frog Rana rugosa returned to its previous female state during speciation that occurred when the distribution range of the frog expanded across Japan. This change is quite recent in the phylogenetic time scale. This paper presents a review of the sex chromosomes and sex determination in the frog R. rugosa, an evolutionary witness proving the viability of changing heterogametic sex, and introduces recent findings and on-going studies in the frog. Change of the heterogametic sex will also be discussed, relating data from frogs (Rana) and other animals to the replacement of a master sex-determining gene in the course of speciation.

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“…The larvae were fed with raw ground flour at the rate of 0.2 g initially and approximately 0.5 g per week after that. The 9 lighting regime was identical to that of MARTIN et aL, 1980 and temperature was maintained as close as possible to 21"C. DDT and Dacthal| a pre-emergence herbicide, were used as test compounds for laboratory experiments. These pesticides were the two present in highest concentrations in Cox Creek during the sampling in March, 1987.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformities in chironomid larvae as indicators of pollution (pesticide) stress

Madden

Suter

Nicholson

et al. 1992

Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology

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Chironomid larvae ( Chironomus spp., Oicrotendipes conjunctus and Procladius paludicola) collected from Cox Creek and Aldgate Creek, South Australia, showed morphological abnormalities similar to those reported in other studies elsewhere in the world. The sediment of Cox Creek contained high concentrations of pesticides and there was a significant correlation between the occurrence of mouthpart and antennal deformities in larvae and the concentration of DDT and the herbicide, Dacthal| Laboratory experiments were conducted using a culture of Chironomus sp. to determine whether or not a causal relationship existed between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of deformities in larvae. Results showed a positive relationship between the concentration of DDT and the percentage of deformed mouthparts (menta). The results for the effect of DDT on antennae and those for the effect of Dacthal| were less clear, but generally showed a higher incidence of deformity for treatments compared with controls.

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Multiple sex determining regions in a group of related Chironomus species (Diptera:Chironomidae)

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Segregation distortion and the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms

Segregation distortion and the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms

An Evolutionary Witness: the Frog <i>Rana rugosa</i> Underwent Change of Heterogametic Sex from XY Male to ZW Female

Deformities in chironomid larvae as indicators of pollution (pesticide) stress

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