Multiple-shell structures of laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions in a quadrupole storage ring

Birkl, G.; Kassner, S.; Walther, H.

doi:10.1038/357310a0

Cited by 274 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It has been shown that at a critical density, a transition to a zigzag crystal takes place 7,11,23,25,26 . Though not for electrons, this zigzag transition has indeed been observed using 24 Mg + ions in a quadrupole storage ring 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Formation of defects in multirow Wigner crystals

Klironomos

Meyer

2011

Phys. Rev. B

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We study the structural properties of the ground state of a quasi-one-dimensional classical Wigner crystal, confined in the transverse direction by a parabolic potential. With increasing density, the one-dimensional crystal first splits into a zigzag crystal before progressively more rows appear. While up to four rows the ground state possesses a regular structure, five-row crystals exhibit defects in a certain density regime. We identify two phases with different types of defects. Furthermore, using a simplified model, we show that beyond nine rows no stable regular structures exist.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Formation of defects in multirow Wigner crystals

Klironomos

Meyer

2011

Phys. Rev. B

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“…This effort has revealed many possible phases, including linear strings, zig-zag structures (see Fig. 1), helical and tetrahedral structures as well as various shell structures [19] and combination of shells and strings. However, with the advent of quantum information processing this topic ceased to be a central focus of attention.…”

Section: Martin B Plenio and Alex Retzkermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Traps as a testbed of classical and quantum statistical mechanics

Plenio¹,

Retzker²

2013

Annalen der Physik

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The development of statistical mechanics over the last century represents a major advance in the Natural Sciences. It is capable of describing a wide range of phenomena including the properties of phase transitions by reducing the complexity of quantum-many-body systems to simple general principles rooted in statistical methods that hold true in macroscopic systems. These principles apply to a broad range of physical theories, encompassing phenomena that are for example governed by classical, relativistic or quantum physics. While many of these predictions have been confirmed experimentally, the exploration, under highly controlled conditions, of the statistical mechanics of mesoscopic systems and the theoretical prediction of their behavior does still represent a challenge for both theory and experiment. A new avenue towards the controlled exploration of the classical and quantum statistical mechanics of mesoscopic systems has opened up

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“…In many types of mass spectrometers, the signal-to-noise ratio increases considerably by analyte accumulation, and the linear ion trap (LIT) concept has been widely used for ion accumulation in hybrid instruments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The LIT has been suitable for the construction of miniature mass analyzers, gas-phase reactions, atomic spectroscopy, precursor fragmentation, and beam physics experiments [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In the case of quadrupole LIT, it can perform ion trapping and mass analysis, all in a single package [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer simulation of the gap-tripole ion trap with linear injection, 3D ion accumulation, and versatile packet ejection

Salazar

Masujima

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The behavior of a completely new ion trap is shown with SIMION 7.0 simulations. The simulated trap, which was a mix of a linear and a 3D trap, was made by axially setting two ion guides with a gap between them. Each guide consisted of three rods with three symmetrically delayed radio frequency (rf) voltages (tripole). The "injected" ions were linearly contained by pulsed potentials on the entrance and exit plates. Then the three-dimensional (3D) rf field in the gap, which was created by the tripole special rod arrangement, could trap the ions when the translational energy was dampened by collisions with low-pressure nitrogen. Because the injected ions were trapped in the small gap, the trapping cycle could be repeated many times before ion ejection, so a high concentrated ion cloud could be obtained. This trapping and accumulation methodology is not possible in most conventional multipole linear traps with even number of poles. Compared with quadrupole linear trap at the same rf amplitude, tripole lost more ions due to strong charge repulsion in the ion cloud. However, tripole could catch up the ions at higher voltage. Radial and axial mass-independent ejection of the ions localized in the tripole gap was very simple, compared with conventional linear ion traps that need extra and complicated electrodes for effective axial ejection. F or analytical sciences, high sensitivity is one of the key points for success. In many types of mass spectrometers, the signal-to-noise ratio increases considerably by analyte accumulation, and the linear ion trap (LIT) concept has been widely used for ion accumulation in hybrid instruments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The LIT has been suitable for the construction of miniature mass analyzers, gas-phase reactions, atomic spectroscopy, precursor fragmentation, and beam physics experiments [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In the case of quadrupole LIT, it can perform ion trapping and mass analysis, all in a single package [17]. The LIT is considered to have higher trapping efficiency and capacity than conventional 3D quadrupole ion trap (3D QIT or Paul Trap). The trapping efficiency for LIT is very high (~100%) compared with the 5% range for QIT when high-speed ions are externally injected [2,18,19]. Compared with the 3D QIT, space-charge repulsion is minimized in LIT because the charges can be dispersed in its big central volume.We have proposed a new ion optics, called "tripole" which consists of three parallel rods, carrying three rf voltages with symmetrically delayed phase shifts [20]. The rotating electric field of the tripole showed stable ion guiding for wide ranges of AC amplitude, better Address reprint requests to Dr. T. Masujima, Analytical Molecular Medicine and Devices Laboratory, Faulty of Frontier Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minarni-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. E-mail: tsutomufehiroshima-u.ac.jp collisional focusing than hexapole and octapole, and similar focusing as quadrupole (rod pole). Also, the ion optic showed interest...

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Multiple-shell structures of laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions in a quadrupole storage ring

Cited by 274 publications

References 16 publications

Formation of defects in multirow Wigner crystals

Formation of defects in multirow Wigner crystals

Ion Traps as a testbed of classical and quantum statistical mechanics

Computer simulation of the gap-tripole ion trap with linear injection, 3D ion accumulation, and versatile packet ejection

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