Multiple stages of information processing are modulated during acute bouts of exercise

Bullock, Tom; Cecotti, Hubert; Giesbrecht, Barry

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.046

Cited by 46 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our data show that moderate physical exercise boosts the effect of short-term monocular deprivation, inducing a larger improvement of visual acuity and stereo-sensitivity compared to inverse occlusion alone, and might be crucial to promote the long-term effect of the training. Our findings are consistent with recent evidence that voluntary physical exercise enhances visual cortical activity 41 and promotes visual plasticity in adult rodents 27,29 and in normally sighted humans 26,42,43 . Our results also show that physical exercise boosts visual cortical plasticity in amblyopic human subjects, after the closure of the critical period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A new counter-intuitive therapy for adult amblyopia

Lunghi

Sframeli

Lepri

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Visual cortex plasticity is high during a critical period of early postnatal development, but rapidly diminishes with the transition to adulthood. Accordingly, visual disorders such as amblyopia (lazy eye), can be treated early in life by long-term occlusion of the non-amblyopic eye, but may become irreversible in adults, because of the decline in brain plasticity. Here we show that a novel counter-intuitive approach can promote the recovery of visual function in adult amblyopic patients: short-term occlusion of the amblyopic (not the fellow) eye, combined with physical exercise (cycling). After six brief (2h) training sessions, visual acuity improved in all ten patients (0.15±0.02 LogMar), and six of them also recovered stereopsis. The improvement was preserved for up to one year after training. A control experiment revealed that physical activity was crucial for the recovery of visual acuity and stereopsis. Thus, we propose a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for adult human amblyopia based an inverse-occlusion and physical exercise procedure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A new counter-intuitive therapy for adult amblyopia

Lunghi

Sframeli

Lepri

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…They found that a single bout of exercise shortened motor time rather than premotor time. However, a recent study which investigated young adults employed an event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed that exercise modulated information processing speed in multiple neural stages, and the effects of low-intensity exercise were independent of the motor stage (Bullock et al, 2015). Based on the previous literature, it can be concluded that exercise facilitates both the premotor stage and the motor stage in information processing, with a larger effect on the motor stage when the exercise intensity is higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dependent Effects of Acute Exercise on University Students’ Cognitive Performance in Temperate and Cold Environments

Yang

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Background: Few studies have examined the acute exercise-induced changes in cognitive performance in different thermal environments and the time course effects.Objective: Investigate the time-dependent effects of acute exercise on university students’ processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility in temperate and cold environments.Method: Twenty male university students (age 23.5 ± 2.0 years) with moderate physical activity level participated in a repeated-measures within-subjects design. Processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility were assessed using CogState test battery at baseline (BASE), followed by a 45-min rest (REST), immediately after (EX) and 30 min after (POST-EX) 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running in both temperate (TEMP; 25°C) and cold (COLD; 10°C) environments. Mean skin temperature (MST) and thermal sensation (TS) were also recorded. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to analyze each variable. Spearman’s rho was used to identify the correlations between MST, TS and cognitive performance.Results: Reaction time (RT) of processing speed and working memory decreased immediately after exercise in both conditions (processing speed: p = 0.003; working memory: p = 0.007). The facilitating effects on processing speed disappeared within 30 min after exercise in TEMP (p = 0.163) and COLD (p = 0.667), while improvements on working memory remained 30 min after exercise in TEMP (p = 0.047), but not in COLD (p = 0.663). Though RT of cognitive flexibility reduced in both conditions (p = 0.003), no significance was found between EX and REST (p = 0.135). Increased MST and TS were significantly associated with reductions in processing speed RT (MST: r = -0.341, p < 0.001; TS: r = -0.262, p = 0.001) and working memory RT (MST: r = -0.282, p < 0.001; TS: r = -0.2229, p = 0.005), and improvements in working memory accuracy (MST: r = 0.249, p = 0.002; TS: r = 0.255, p = 0.001).Conclusion: The results demonstrate different time-dependent effects of acute exercise on cognition in TEMP and COLD. Our study reveals facilitating effects of exercise on university students’ processing speed and working memory in both environments. However, in contrast to TEMP, effects on working memory in COLD are transient.

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“…The topography depicts t-test distribution across surface localization, showing the spatial characteristics of the higher power suppression of alpha in parieto-occipital electrodes during moderate-to-high exercise. (B) Parametric paired t-test maps comparison between moderate-to-high exercise and light exercise in lower beta frequency band [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] to standard trials. Right panel shows lower beta power across time at the parieto-occipital cluster (8 electrodes) in standard trials.…”

Section: Cc-by-nc-nd 40 International Licensementioning

confidence: 99%

Tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise

Ciria

Luque‐Casado

Sanabria

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The physiological changes that occur in the main body systems and organs during physical exercise are well described in the literature. Despite the key role of brain in processing afferent and efferent information from organ systems to coordinate and optimize their functioning, little is known about how the brain works during exercise. The present study investigated tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during a single bout of aerobic exercise. Twenty young males (19-32 years old) were recruited for two experimental sessions on separate days. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded during a session of cycling at 80% (moderate-to-high intensity) of VO 2max (maximum aerobic capacity) while performing an oddball task where participants had to detect infrequent targets presented among frequent non-targets. This was compared to a (baseline) light intensity session (30% VO 2max ). The light intensity session was included to control for any potential effect of dual-tasking (i.e., pedaling and performing the oddball task). A warm-up and cool down periods were completed before and after exercise, respectively. A cluster-based nonparametric permutations test showed an increase in power across the entire frequency spectrum during the moderate-to-high intensity exercise, with respect to light intensity. Further, we found that the more salient target lead to lower increase in (stimulus-evoked) theta power in the 80% VO 2max with respect to the light intensity condition. On the contrary, higher decrease alpha and lower beta power was found for standard trials in the moderate-to-high exercise condition than in the light exercise condition. The present study unveils, for the first time, a complex brain activity pattern during acute exercise (at 80% of maximum aerobic capacity). These findings might help to elucidate the nature of changes that occur in the brain during physical exertion.

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Multiple stages of information processing are modulated during acute bouts of exercise

Cited by 46 publications

References 69 publications

A new counter-intuitive therapy for adult amblyopia

A new counter-intuitive therapy for adult amblyopia

Time-Dependent Effects of Acute Exercise on University Students’ Cognitive Performance in Temperate and Cold Environments

Tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise

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