Multiple-Stripe Lithiation Mechanism of Individual<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>SnO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Nanowires in a Flooding Geometry

Zhong, Li; Liu, Xiao Hua; Wang, Guo Feng; Mao, Scott X.; Huang, Jianyu

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.248302

Cited by 68 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[17] We observed the formation of multiple stripes of lithiation that progress across the NW along the (020) planes. The stripes increase in density with further lithiation, eventually merging and resulting in the a-Li 2 O phase and morphology that is observed in the SnO 2 NW outside the immersion zone.…”

Section: In-situ Tem Of Sno 2 Lithiationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Real-time studies of battery electrochemical reactions inside a transmission electron microscope.

Leung¹,

Hudak²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

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We report the development of new experimental capabilities and ab initio modeling for real-time studies of Li-ion battery electrochemical reactions. We developed three capabilities for in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies: a capability that uses a nanomanipulator inside the TEM to assemble electrochemical cells with ionic liquid or solid state electrolytes, a capability that uses on-chip assembly of battery components on to TEM-compatible multi-electrode arrays, and a capability that uses a TEM-compatible sealed electrochemical cell that we developed for performing in-situ TEM using volatile battery electrolytes. These capabilities were used to understand lithiation mechanisms in nanoscale battery materials, including SnO 2 , Si, Ge, Al, ZnO, and MnO 2 . The modeling approaches used ab initio molecular dynamics to understand early stages of ethylene carbonate reduction on lithiated-graphite and lithium surfaces and constrained density functional theory to understand ethylene carbonate reduction on passivated electrode surfaces. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: In-situ Tem Of Sno 2 Lithiationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Real-time studies of battery electrochemical reactions inside a transmission electron microscope.

Leung¹,

Hudak²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

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“…For instance, Zhong et al [46] reported on a SnO 2 nanowire partially flooded in an ionic liquid for which very different lithiation behavior was found compared to a SnO 2 electrode in the conventional setup in an earlier study [40]. The flooded geometry exposed a new type of lithiation, in which oblique stripes were formed across the width of the nanowire, after which elongation and swelling of the wire occurred.…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ methods for Li-ion battery research: A review of recent developments

Harks

Mulder

Notten

2015

Journal of Power Sources

338

244

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“…Zhong et al 44 have further revealed the atomic-scale lithiation mechanism of an individual SnO 2 nanowire with a flooding geometry after contact with the electrolyte. The lithiation is initiated after the formation of multiple stripes several nanometers in width, parallel to the (020) plane traversing the entire wires that serve as multiple reaction fronts for subsequent lithiation stages.…”

Section: Conversion Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure dynamics of rechargeable battery materials studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

et al. 2017

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The ever-growing energy requirements, the decreasing fossil fuel resources and the urgent need for environmental protection have spurred the search for sustainable energy alternatives, including both renewable energy sources and efficient storage technologies. Lithium/sodium (Li/Na)-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) are the most attractive and promising energy storage devices in the consumer market. The primary progress made by using advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization and its close correlation with the battery properties are reviewed here. In addition, the atomic structure and chemistry of electrode materials are illustrated with respect to the surface reconstruction and the interface structure. The phase transformation and defect evolution are then discussed with respect to (1) the intermediate state of LiFePO 4 that results in a high rate capability; (2) the in situ electrochemical reaction on nanomaterials; and (3) the alloying reaction for the high-energydensity silicon (Si) anode. The fundamental science underlying the microstructure evolution has been explored in depth to the atomic level and is discussed further in the context of electronic structure theory. INTRODUCTIONThere is an urgent need to build a sustainable society by developing clean energy technologies to replace fossil fuels. 1 In this respect, energy conversion and storage devices are highly desirable because they can shift the electric energy from peak to off-peak periods, thus resulting in efficient energy use. Rechargeable batteries, one of the most important energy storage devices, have evolved over the past years from lead acid through nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride to lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Rechargeable batteries will be replaced by higher energy, lighter weight and lower cost Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in fields such as hybrid electric vehicles. 2,3 Compared with LIBs, sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIBs) are more cost effective, use a much more earth-abundant and environmental friendly metal Na and are suitable for stationary grid storage applications. 4 LIBs/SIBs have various applications (such as portable electronics, transportation and load leveling) owing to their high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities.The performance of rechargeable batteries (that is, their energy density, capacity fade, rate capability and cycling life) is critically dependent on their electrode materials. 5 A number of characterization techniques have been used to investigate these electrode materials. For example, synchrotron X-rays provide a bright signal allowing study of the microstructure evolution on a global scale during charging/ discharging. In contrast, fast electrons with a small wavelength are used to image and characterize the material structure at a high resolution. By collecting the inelastically scattered electrons after the

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Multiple-Stripe Lithiation Mechanism of IndividualSnO2Nanowires in a Flooding Geometry

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Real-time studies of battery electrochemical reactions inside a transmission electron microscope.

Real-time studies of battery electrochemical reactions inside a transmission electron microscope.

In situ methods for Li-ion battery research: A review of recent developments

Microstructure dynamics of rechargeable battery materials studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

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