Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome): MR imaging.

Pastakia, B; Polinsky, Ronald J.; Chiro, G Di; Simmons, J T; Brown, Robert T.; Wener, L

doi:10.1148/radiology.159.2.3961183

Cited by 119 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…Hill and Switzer [24] demonstrated the distribution of iron was overlapped with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), enkephalin and lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in the rat brain. The increase of iron concentration in the brain was also detected in several neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Shy-drager syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and abnormal movement disorders [15,21,33,35]. It was widely accepted that iron generated oxygen free radicals, resulted in neurological cell death [32,36] and also disturbance of neuronal functions in human with age advanced [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Kimotsuki

Nagaoka

Yasuda

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Age-associated changes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the brain were evaluated in 19 beagle dogs aged from 8-month-to 16-year-old. A significant correlation of the volume of lateral ventricle space was observed in the dogs with age advanced, however, no correlation was found between hippocampus size and the aging. The hypo-intensity areas on T2-weighted MRI were detected in globus pallidus and substantia nigra with a significant correlation of both intensity ratios to lateral ventricle with age advanced. These areas were coincided with the accumulation of iron in the slice of the brain with Perls' staining. In addition, hyperintensity area, suggesting perivascular demyelination with fluid-filled space, was also observed in white matter surrounding the lateral ventricle on T2-weighted MRI. These results suggested that age-associated changes of T2-weighted MRI were developed in the dog brain, especially in globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and white matter surrounding lateral ventricle, like as those reported in the human brain KEY WORDS: age-associated change, brain, canine, hypo-and hyper-intensity, MRI.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(10): 961-967, 2005 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used as a noninvasive and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating age related brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia, indicating severe atrophy of the brain, hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal lobe, gray matter, and dilatation of ventricle space, and cortical sulci, [9,17,26,28,34]. However, age-associated similar changes of MRI was also observed in the clinically healthy human brain, indicating brain atrophy, dilatation of ventricle space and cortical sulci, hypo-intensity area in globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and hyper-intensity area in white matter [7,16,20,31]. In addition, age-associated pathological changes of the brain, including developments of senile plaque, decrease number of neuronal cell, deposit of lipofuscin, and activation of astrocyte, have also been well documented [8,12,23,38]. Therefore, it is necessary for diagnose of age related degenerative diseases to evaluate age-associated changes in the brain. Various age-associated changes were detected in aged dogs with occasionally abnormal behaviors [4,6,10,27,30], like as those reported in human [13]. Although MRI has been applied in veterinary clinics and experimental medicine, several reports were on clinical cases and few reports on age-associated changes in the dog brain [5,37]. This study deals with ageassociated changes in MRI on the brain, especially lateral ventricle space, hippocampus size, and hypo-and hyperintensity area, in beagle dogs with age advanced. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals:Clinically healthy 19 beagle dogs (8 male and 11 female), aged from 8-month-to 16-year-old, were used. All the dogs were bred, reared, and kept in Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd. under the condition of circumstance temperature at 22 ± 2°C. The air extraction was designed to be 10...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Kimotsuki

Nagaoka

Yasuda

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…[19][20][21][22] Then, those for SND are atrophy and variable abnormal signal intensity in the putamen. 21,22 In some patients with SND, which is also variance of MSA, atrophy of the pons and cerebellum, and the cruciform high-intensity of the pontine base on T2-weighted images are seen. As stated above, many MRIˆndings regarding parkinsonian syndromes have been described; however, theseˆndings do not occur consistently in every patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morning Glory Sign: A Particular MR Finding in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Adachi¹,

Kawanami

Ohshima³

et al. 2004

MRMS

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Background and Purpose: We have encountered a peculiar atrophic change in the midbrain in some patients with parkinsonian syndromes. We discovered these patients had vertical supranuclear gaze-palsy, an eye movement disorder. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether this atrophic pattern of the midbrain (which we have termed morning glory sign) is related to the vertical eye movement disorder, in particular to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).Methods: We reviewed T 2 -weighted axial images obtained from 42 patients with parkinsonian syndromes, includingˆve patients with PSP, 23 patients with Parkinson's disease, and 14 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). We focused on a speciˆc atrophy of the midbrain, the morning glory sign, which is a concavity of the lateral margin of the tegmentum of the midbrain.Results: The morning glory sign was detected in four of theˆve patients with PSP and in one (striatonigral degeneration; SND) of the14 patients with MSA. All morning glory sign patients had vertical supranuclear gaze-palsy, as did the one PSP patient without the morning glory sign. Vertical supranuclear gaze-palsy was seen in no other patients (23 patients with Parkinson's disease and 13 patients with MSA) who lacked the morning glory sign.Conclusions: Morphologically, the morning glory sign is believed to be related to vertical supranuclear gaze-palsy. This sign should be considered a useful clue when diagnosing PSP.

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“…Starting with the above-mentioned studies from 1986, which reported atrophy of the putamen in MSA patients giving a hypointense signal in T 2 -weighted images ( fig. 1 ) [20,21] , several findings on conventional structural MRI have been described as diagnostic pointers for MSA. These include signal alterations at 1.5 T in the putamen and several infratentorial regions, such as the presence of a hyperintense putaminal rim with or without hypointensity in the dorsolateral part of the putamen, pontine atrophy, the 'hot cross bun' sign of the pons ( fig.…”

Section: Summary Of the Mr-based Neuroimaging Studies In The Differenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The publication of two MRI studies on neurodegenerative parkinsonism in the same issue of the journal Radiology in 1986, dealing with Parkinson plus syndromes [20,21] , represented the starting point for a growing interest in different MRI techniques for the differential diagnosis in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. In today's clinical practice, conventional MRI (cMRI) with visual assessment of T 2 -and T 1 -weighted imaging is a well-established method for the exclusion of symptomatic parkinsonism due to morphological pathologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of MRI in Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2010

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The differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes is considered one of the most challenging in neurology, even for movement disorder specialists. Despite published consensus operational criteria for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the various atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal syndrome, the clinical separation of APDs from PD carries a high rate of misdiagnosis. However, an early differentiation between APD and PD, each characterized by a largely different natural history, is crucial for determining the prognosis and choosing a treatment strategy. Despite limitations, the different modern magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have undoubtedly added to the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Conventional MRI with visual assessment of T₂- and T₁-weighted imaging as well as various advanced MRI techniques offer objective measures and may therefore be useful tools in the diagnostic workup of PD and APDs. In clinical practice, conventional MRI is a well-established method for the exclusion of symptomatic parkinsonism due to other pathologies such as tumors, cerebral ischemia or inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, over the past two decades, advances in MR techniques have enabled to quantitatively illustrate abnormalities in the basal ganglia and infratentorial structures in APDs by methods such as magnetic resonance volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This article aims to review research findings on the value of MRI techniques in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders.

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Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome): MR imaging.

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Morning Glory Sign: A Particular MR Finding in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Significance of MRI in Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

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