Multiple vibrations measurement using phase-sensitive OTDR merged with Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on frequency division multiplexing

He, Haijun; Shao, Liyang; Luo, Bin; Li, Zonglei; Zou, Xihua; Zhang, Zhiyong; Pan, Wei; Yan, Lianshan

doi:10.1364/oe.24.004842

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For instance, the monitoring system adopt a combined structure of ϕ-OTDR and fiber-optic interferometers i.e. Mach-Zehnder Interference [11] or Michelson Interferometers [12]. These schemes can efficiently reduce NAR, but hardware structure become more complicated and thus the system cost increases significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Class Disturbance Events Recognition Based on EMD and XGBoost in φ-OTDR

et al. 2020

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A novel pattern recognition method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is proposed to recognize the disturbance events in phase sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (ϕ-OTDR) to reduce nuisance alarm rate (NAR) and improve real-time performance in this paper. Eleven typical eigenvectors are extracted from components obtained by EMD of the disturbance signals and XGBoost is selected as a classifier to identify different type of disturbance signals. Five kinds of disturbance events, including watering, knocking, climbing, pressing and false disturbance event, can be identified, effectively. Experimental results show that NAR is 4.10% and identification time is 0.093 s. The recognition accuracy for the five patterns is 97.96%, 95.90%, 91.10%, 94.84% and 99.69%, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by using confusion matrix and decision boundary visualization. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed pattern recognition method based on XGBoost has better performance in recognition rate and recognition time than other commonly used methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Random Forest (RF) and Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost). INDEX TERMS Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (ϕ-OTDR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), nuisance alarm rate (NAR), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), pattern recognition, decision boundary visualization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Class Disturbance Events Recognition Based on EMD and XGBoost in φ-OTDR

et al. 2020

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“…By applying frequency-division multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplexing, and wavelength-frequency-division multiplexing techniques, the quasi-distributed fiber optic sensors can be developed. These quasi-distributed sensors can measure temperature [ 23 , 24 ], strain [ 25 ], and vibration [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Study and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Sensor Based on the Low-Finesse Fabry-Perot Interferometer: Frequency-Division Multiplexing

Bonilla

Rodríguez-Betancourtt

et al. 2017

Sensors

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The application of the sensor optical fibers in the areas of scientific instrumentation and industrial instrumentation is very attractive due to its numerous advantages. In the industry of civil engineering for example, quasi-distributed sensors made with optical fiber are used for reliable strain and temperature measurements. Here, a quasi-distributed sensor in the frequency domain is discussed. The sensor consists of a series of low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometers where each Fabry-Perot interferometer acts as a local sensor. Fabry-Perot interferometers are formed by pairs of identical low reflective Bragg gratings imprinted in a single mode fiber. All interferometer sensors have different cavity length, provoking frequency-domain multiplexing. The optical signal represents the superposition of all interference patterns which can be decomposed using the Fourier transform. The frequency spectrum was analyzed and sensor’s properties were defined. Following that, a quasi-distributed sensor was numerically simulated. Our sensor simulation considers sensor properties, signal processing, noise system, and instrumentation. The numerical results show the behavior of resolution vs. signal-to-noise ratio. From our results, the Fabry-Perot sensor has high resolution and low resolution. Both resolutions are conceivable because the Fourier Domain Phase Analysis (FDPA) algorithm elaborates two evaluations of Bragg wavelength shift.

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“…The phase-sensitive OTDR (φ-OTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) are typical time-domain systems, in which the optical pulse is employed for distributed sensing. In recent twenty years, great advances in devices and schemes have promoted the improvements on the performances of distributed optical fiber sensors, especially in the aspects of long range [6][7][8] , high spatial resolution 9,10 , high accuracy 11,12 , dynamic measurements [13][14][15][16][17] and multi-parameter sensing 18,19 . For the simplest implementation of φ-OTDR, a highly coherent light source is pulse modulated to interrogate the sensing fiber 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-sensitivity distributed dynamic strain sensing by combining Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering

Wang¹,

Ba²,

Chu³

et al. 2020

Opto-Electronic Advances

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The phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) is a good candidate for distributed dynamic strain sensing, due to its high sensitivity and fast measurement, which has already been widely used in intrusion monitoring, geophysical exploration, etc. For the frequency scanning based φ-OTDR, the phase change manifests itself as a shift of the intensity distribution. The correlation between the reference and measured spectra is employed for relative strain demodulation, which has imposed the continuous measurement for the absolute strain demodulation. Fortunately, the Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) allows for the absolute strain demodulation with only one measurement. In this work, the combination of the φ-OTDR and BOTDA has been proposed and demonstrated by using the same set of frequency-scanning optical pulses, and the frequency-agile technique is also introduced for fast measurements. A 9.9 Hz vibration with a strain range of 500 nε has been measured under two different absolute strains (296.7με and 554.8 με) by integrating the Rayleigh and Brillouin information. The sub-micro strain vibration is demonstrated by the φ-OTDR signal with a high sensitivity of 6.8 nε, while the absolute strain is measured by the BOTDA signal with an accuracy of 5.4 με. The proposed sensor allows for dynamic absolute strain measurements with a high sensitivity, thus opening a door for new possibilities which are yet to be explored.

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Multiple vibrations measurement using phase-sensitive OTDR merged with Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on frequency division multiplexing

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Multi-Class Disturbance Events Recognition Based on EMD and XGBoost in φ-OTDR

Multi-Class Disturbance Events Recognition Based on EMD and XGBoost in φ-OTDR

A Theoretical Study and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Sensor Based on the Low-Finesse Fabry-Perot Interferometer: Frequency-Division Multiplexing

High-sensitivity distributed dynamic strain sensing by combining Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering

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