Multiple virus infections on Heterobasidion sp.

Hantula, Jarkko; Mäkelä, Salla; Xu, Ping; Brusila, Veera; Nuorteva, Heikki; Kashif, Muhammad; Hyder, Rafiqul; Vainio, Eeva J.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2019.12.004

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The three partitiviruses detected in the RNA-Seq library were the alphapartitiviruses HetPV4-pa1 and HetPV13-an1 known to be present in the LAP3.3.2 ∗ 5 multivirus isolate ( Hantula et al, 2020 ), and one new partitivirus newly detected in isolate RKU3.2.124 ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RNA-Seq library included H. parviporum strain LAP3.3.2 ∗ 5 infected with the orthocurvulavirus HetRV6–32 in addition to four partitiviruses, which had been introduced to the fungal strain by laboratory pairing experiments ( Hantula et al, 2020 ). Based on the inspection of the RNA-Seq library by contig assembly, read mapping and variant calling (see above) as well as RT-PCRs (conducted also from cDNA originating from re-grown LAP3.3.2 ∗ 5), the artificially infected fungal strain had been cured of two of the four partitivirus infections (the betapartitivirus HetPV2 and alphapartitivirus HetPV16) and HetRV6 since it was generated in 2013 ( Hantula et al, 2020 ; Table 2 ). The isolate still harbored the alphapartitiviruses HetPV4 and HetPV13 ( Table 2 ), while the absence of HetPV2 and HetPV16 was evident as no reads mapped to the genome sequences of these viruses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LAP3.3.2 ∗ 5 is a H. parviporum strain infected with five viruses (HetPV4-pa1, HetRV6-pa32, HetPV13-an1, HetPV16-an1, and HetPV2-pa1) by laboratory pairing experiments as described by Hantula et al (2020) . Two of the viruses hosted by this isolate originated from the Ruotsinkylä research forest: HetPV4-pa1 originally hosted by isolate RT3.49C from the 4R plot ( Vainio et al, 2011 ) and HetPV2-pa1 from the 7R plot ( Vainio et al, 2015a ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery and Community Dynamics of Novel ssRNA Mycoviruses in the Conifer Pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum

2021

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Heterobasidion species are highly destructive basidiomycetous conifer pathogens of the Boreal forest region. Earlier studies have revealed dsRNA virus infections of families Curvulaviridae and Partitiviridae in Heterobasidion strains, and small RNA deep sequencing has also identified infections of Mitoviridae members in these fungi. In this study, the virome of Heterobasidion parviporum was examined for the first time by RNA-Seq using total RNA depleted of rRNA. This method successfully revealed new viruses representing two established (+)ssRNA virus families not found earlier in Heterobasidion: Narnaviridae and Botourmiaviridae. In addition, we identified the presence of a recently described virus group tentatively named “ambiviruses” in H. parviporum. The H. parviporum isolates included in the study originated from experimental forest sites located within 0.7 km range from each other, and a population analysis including 43 isolates was conducted at one of the experimental plots to establish the prevalence of the newly identified viruses in clonally spreading H. parviporum individuals. Our results indicate that viral infections are considerably more diverse and common among Heterobasidion isolates than known earlier and include ssRNA viruses with high prevalence and interspecies variation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery and Community Dynamics of Novel ssRNA Mycoviruses in the Conifer Pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum

2021

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“…(Ong et al ., 2017) and endornaviruses of mycorrhizal symbionts of orchids (Ong et al ., 2016). Coinfecting Heterobasidion partitiviruses can also affect each other's transmission frequency or suppress virus‐induced negative effects on host growth (Kashif et al ., 2019; Hantula et al ., 2020). In the present study, two or three different alphaendornavirus species often coexisted in the same hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral diversity in Phytophthora cactorum population infecting strawberry

Poimala

Parikka

Hantula

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Eighty-eight Phytophthora cactorum strains isolated from crown or leather rot of strawberry in 1971-2019 were screened for viruses using RNA-seq and RT-PCR. Remarkably, all but one isolate were virus-infected, most of them harbouring more than one virus of different genera or species. The most common virus occurring in 94% of the isolates was the Phytophthora cactorum RNA virus 1 (PcRV1) resembling members of Totiviridae. Novel viruses related to members of Endornaviridae, named Phytophthora cactorum alphaendornaviruses 1-3 (PcAEV1-3), were found in 57% of the isolates. Four isolates hosted viruses with affinities to Bunyaviridae, named Phytophthora cactorum bunyaviruses 1-3 (PcBV1-3), and a virus resembling members of the proposed genus 'Ustivirus', named Phytophthora cactorum usti-like virus (PcUV1), was found in a single isolate. Most of the virus species were represented by several distinct strains sharing ≥81.4% aa sequence identity. We found no evidence of spatial differentiation but some temporal changes in the P. cactorum virus community were observed. Some isolates harboured two or more closely related strains of the same virus (PcAEV1 or PcRV1) sharing 86.6%-96.4% nt identity in their polymerase sequence. This was surprising as viruses with such a high similarity are typically mutually exclusive.

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“…Co-infection of mycoviruses was observed also in plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia nivalis (Wu et al 2016), three distantly related viruses from the Gremmeniella abietina type B RNA virus XL (GaBRV-XL) (Tuomivirta et al 2009) and viruses from different families in a single host of Ustilaginoidea virens that causes rice false smut in China (Jiang et al 2014). Co-infection of mycoviruses in Heterobasidion species was also found in a laboratory study (Kashif et al 2019), as well as in naturally regenerated herb-rich Norway spruce stand and in clonal Norway spruce trees in southern Finland (Vainio et al 2015a, Hantula et al 2020. Thus, the co-infection of mycoviruses is a result of interactions between co-infecting viruses, their relationship to hosts, their transmission levels, and other biological and chemical determinants (Thapa and Roossinck 2019).…”

Section: Co-infection Of Mycovirusesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Heterobasidion dsRNA viruses: diversity, taxonomy and effects

Hyder¹

2020

Diss. For.

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Species of the Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s. l.) complex are causing root and butt rot of conifers. Mycoviruses are usually cryptic, but some of them may cause hypovirulence (reduced virulence) or mutualistic effects on their fungal hosts. We explored new Heterobasidion viruses, and analyzed their taxonomy and effects on their hosts. The viruses were obtained from fungal culture collection of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) or from newly collected isolates.This thesis addressed the taxonomy of Heterobasidion viruses as well as their transmission, effects on hosts' phenotypes, and distribution. A new dsRNA virus from H. annosum s.s., Heterobasidion RNA virus 6 (HetRV6), was found taxonomically distant from all previously known viruses of Heterobasidion spp., but related to the mutualistic Curvularia thermal tolerance virus. Populations of this species exhibited a considerable degree of geographical and host-related differentiation. Virus isolates HetRV6-ab6 and Heterobasidion partitivirus 3 (strain HetPV3-ec1) conferred different and conditiondependent effects on different host strains. Four new partitivirus species, HetPV12, HetPV13, HetPV14 and HetPV15, clustered in a clade within the genus Alphapartitivirus that includes also HetPV3 and Helicobasidium mompa partitivirus V70. HetPV13 strains were found to have a high dispersal capacity. A high infection rate by four species of partitiviruses was observed in H. annosum in a heavily infected forest. Two of these species were previously unknown (HetPV16 and HetPV20). Three fungal isolates were co-infected by two different partitiviruses (HetPV13-an2 and HetPV7-an1 or HetPV16-an1 and HetPV20-an1), supporting the view that multiple infections are common.Taken together, the global diversity and prevalence of Heterobasidion viruses is considerable, and their transmission may occur between somatically incompatible strains. They may co-infect single host strains, transmit over species borders and confer variable phenotypic effects on their hosts. Further studies are necessary to determine the biocontrol potential of these viruses.

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Multiple virus infections on Heterobasidion sp.

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Discovery and Community Dynamics of Novel ssRNA Mycoviruses in the Conifer Pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum

Discovery and Community Dynamics of Novel ssRNA Mycoviruses in the Conifer Pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum

Viral diversity in Phytophthora cactorum population infecting strawberry

Heterobasidion dsRNA viruses: diversity, taxonomy and effects

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