Recently,
surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely
applied for rapid detection of trace targets in various fields. However,
two key issues are still being explored: (1) how to form effective
“SERS hotspots” for the trace qualitation with high
sensitivity; (2) how to quantitatively identify trace target in complicated
matrix in a highly selective and fast manner. Here, aiming at these
two key points, we developed an effective and simple protocol for
the rapid detection of three tropane alkaloids (TAs), typical toxicants
in public security. Taking the advantage of the coadsorption with
the specific adsorbed I− during the formation of
hotspots by the highly concentrated halide salts, the detection sensitivity
of TAs was improved up to 4 orders over the case of Cl−. Under the optimized condition, the lowest detectable concentration
of these three TAs was down to the 1 μg/L level. Through the
use of drink and food samples, the strong nonspecific competitive
adsorption from the complicated matrix was significantly weakened
by the simple dilution. The recovery was increased almost 2 orders
over that of direct detection, irrespectively of the distinctly changed
interferences in different samples. The proposed strategy, improving
qualitative sensitivity by forming effective hotspots and quantitative
analysis by dilution, not only provides a rapid detection for trace
TAs in various foods in case of emergency first response but also
could be easily extended to other SERS-based analysis.