Multiple whole bacterial antigens in polyvalent vaccine may result in inhibition of specific responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Nikoskelainen, Sami; Verho, Sanna; Järvinen, Suvi; Madetoja, Jari; Wıklund, Tom; Lilius, Esa‐Matti

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2006.04.010

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Increase in the total leukocyte count in vaccinated tilapia found in this study was also observed in sturgeon and rainbow trout intraperitoneally vaccinated against A. hydrophila and three pathogenic species for the trout, respectively (Khoshbavar-Rostami et al 2007, Nikoskelainen et al 2007). In the study by Selvaraj et al (2004), carp (Cyprinus carpio) immunized with LPS of A. hydrophila and in the study by Selvaraj et al (2006) carp immunized with â-glucano plus LPS of A. hydrophila presented higher total leukocytes counts, in neutrophil and monocyte numbers but the number of lymphocytes remained constant.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…One hypothesis for this is that in fish vaccinated orally and by immersion bath there was a crossed reaction among the antigens, which inhibited the specific response against P. aeroginosa. This crossed reaction was observed in other studies with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout, with A. salmonicida and V. salmonicida, and Listonella anguillarum and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, respectively (Hoel et al 1997, Nikoskelainen et al 2007). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Both studies reported different production of antibodies for the different bacteria strains (Hoel et al 1997, Nikoskelainen et al 2007). Nikoskelainen et al (2007) recommended that bacterial antigens are to be chosen carefully for the polyvalent vaccine to avoid inhibitory effects of antigens in the fish specific response. The polyvalent vaccine was efficient, vaccinated fish serum agglutinated A. hydrophila and E. durans, with antimicrobial activity against P. aeroginosa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of polyvalent vaccine is the protection of fish against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains (Nikoskelainen et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematological and immunological responses of Nile tilapia after polyvalent vaccine administration by different routes

et al. 2009

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7 formalin-inactivated bacteria·mL -1 , for 20 minutes. Vaccinated fish groups presented higher hematocrit, number of erythrocytes and leukocytes than the non-vaccinated group. Serum agglutination titer of intraperitoneally vaccinated fish was higher on both evaluation periods for the three bacteria strains. Only on day 21 post-vaccination fish from the oral and immersion vaccination groups presented higher serum agglutination titer than the non-vaccinated fish for A. hidrophyla and E. durans. Serum antimicrobial activity in vaccinated fish was higher for P. aeroginosa and E. coli than in non-vaccinated fish on both evaluation periods. The different vaccine administration routes stimulated hematological and immunological responses in Nile tilapia 21 days post-vaccination, but intraperitoneal vaccination presented higher total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and serum agglutination titer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of polyvalent vaccine is the protection of fish against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains (Nikoskelainen et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematological and immunological responses of Nile tilapia after polyvalent vaccine administration by different routes

et al. 2009

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“…In the present work, no advantage was obtained using the V5 ciliate preparation. Antigenic competition, induction of tolerance, and other factors could be involved, as previously suggested (Nikoskelainen et al 2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Antibody responses of turbot Psetta maxima against various antigen formulations of scuticociliates Ciliophora

Palenzuela¹,

Sitjà‐Bobadilla²,

Riaza³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The kinetics of the antibody production and the protection at challenge were studied in turbot inoculated with various scuticociliate antigen preparations: live ciliates putatively attenuated through long-term in vitro culture (Trial 1) and formalin-killed ciliates without or with GERBU adjuvant in Trials 2, 3, and 4. Antigen used in killed preparations was a mixture of 3 different ciliate isolates (V3) in the case of Trials 2 and 3, whereas in Trial 4, monovalent (V1), trivalent (V3) or pentavalent (V5) antigens were used. A booster injection was administered 28 to 29 d post-priming in all trials. Fish were challenged with virulent live ciliates after the immunization protocol, testing 2 challenge times in Trial 2 (t 1 and t 2 ). No protection was obtained in Trial 1 with live ciliates, which in turn were not completely attenuated. Using killed-ciliate formulations, protection was high only in Trial 3 when a low dose (50 000 ciliates fish -1 ) was used for challenge. In Trial 1, heat-inactivated sera of antigen-inoculated fish agglutinated the homologous ciliate, although no specific antibodies were detectable by ELISA. In contrast, high specific antibody levels were detected in antigen-inoculated fish in Trials 2 and 4, and their amount increased progressively, usually peaking after challenge. No advantage was obtained from the use of V5 antigens compared to V1 or V3. No good correlation was observed in most cases between serum antibody levels and protection. Although the use of GERBU adjuvant generally increased the specific immune response, some undesired side effects indicate a need to adjust dosage and/or improve the formulation.KEY WORDS: Ciliates · Scuticociliatia · Adjuvants · Antibodies · Immunization · Turbot · Psetta maxima Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 86: [123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] 2009 The increasing frequency and severity of scuticociliatosis in turbot culture, with mortality reaching 60% in some infected stocks (authors' unpubl. data), has stressed the need to develop efficacious preventive and control strategies. Since no efficacious treatments are available, the implementation of immunoprophylactic measures seems an attractive option.Empirical data from field observations in affected farms indicate the acquisition of disease resistance in fish surviving scuticociliate epizootics, stimulating the search for a vaccine. Available information from small, laboratory-scale trials suggests partial protection against a challenge using formalin-killed vaccines in turbot (Iglesias et al. 2003, Sitjà-Bobadilla et al. 2008) and olive flounder (Jung et al. 2004). A recent report claimed quite good turbot protection using a killed adjuvanted vaccine . The search for adjuvants without the toxic side effects of mineral oils (Bowden et al. 2003, Singh & O'Hagan 2003 has led to a different family of products based on lipid microparticles, stabilized in aqueous phase by surfactants and sometimes in assoc...

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Vaccination of Tilapia against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia: A Review

et al. 2020

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The production of tilapia Oreochromis spp. is rapidly growing throughout the world, but atypical motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) is a current threat to the tilapia farming industry. The etiological agent of this disease is usually Aeromonas hydrophila. Mortality rates due to MAS are frequently high, resulting in a devastating negative impact on this industry worldwide; therefore, proper control measures regarding both prevention and treatment are necessary. Although vaccines against MAS for tilapia are available, their effectiveness is entirely dependent on the specific strain of problematic bacteria. Until now, whole‐cell inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines for tilapia have exhibited the highest level of protection over live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. Among the various vaccine administration systems, only intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the A. hydrophila vaccine into tilapia were found to provide prominent immune protection. Vaccine efficacy was primarily measured by using the i.p. injection challenge model and estimating the relative percent survival of the immunized tilapia. Freund's incomplete adjuvant showed to be the most effective for tilapia MAS vaccines. In this review, multiple factors that directly or indirectly influence the efficacy of MAS vaccines for tilapia (adjuvants, challenge models, immunization doses and duration, and size of vaccinated fish) are discussed.

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Multiple whole bacterial antigens in polyvalent vaccine may result in inhibition of specific responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Hematological and immunological responses of Nile tilapia after polyvalent vaccine administration by different routes

Hematological and immunological responses of Nile tilapia after polyvalent vaccine administration by different routes

Antibody responses of turbot Psetta maxima against various antigen formulations of scuticociliates Ciliophora

Vaccination of Tilapia against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia: A Review

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