Multiplets in Polymer Gels. Rare Earth Metal Ions Luminescence Study

Abstract

Luminescent properties of chemically cross-linked gels of europium, terbium, and neodymium salts of poly(methacrylic acid) swollen in methanol were investigated by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence. The obtained results demonstrate the aggregation of rare earth metal ions bound to the network with the formation of multiplets. The energy transfer Eu 3+ f Nd 3+ in the gel shows that multiplets consist of three to four rare earth metal ions (together with the gel countercharges). This is one of the first observations of multiplet formation in ion-containing polymer gels.

Phase Behavior of Solutions of Polymers with Multiply Aggregating Groups

“…It is worthwhile to stress that the form of the binodal does change with the variation of kðTÞ. That the first derivative remains zero for any kðTÞ follows directly from Equation (16). The straightforward calculation of Let us demonstrate how the conditions for the emergence of the TP are calculated for a particular situation when the dependence kðTÞ is given by Equation (15).…”

“…Some other examples of multiple chain aggregation include the formation of microcrystalline junctions by some segments of the chains [12 -14] and cluster formation of ionic pairs in ionomers. [15,16] In all these cases a natural model for the aggregation is as follows. There is a solution of homopolymer chains carrying a fraction f of stickers, i. e. monomeric units capable of thermoreversible coupling into aggregates consisting of exactly m S 1 stickers (i. e. we suppose that all forming aggregates have the same aggregation number m).…”

Emission Analysis Of Pr[sup 3+]: PVP And Nd[sup 3+]: PVP Films

“…1,2 In recent years, a great deal of interest has been made towards the development of polymerbased luminescent optical materials. [3][4][5] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has drawn a special attention amongst the conjugated polymers because of its good environmental stability, easy process ability, moderate electrical conductivity and other related properties. 6 Chemically PVP has been found to be inert, nontoxic, and interestingly, it displays a strong tendency for complexes formation with several smaller molecules.…”

Red emission from Eu3+: PVA polymer film

“…Earlier, from our laboratory, different optical glasses were developed with various transition metal and rare earth ions to understand their spectroscopic properties more systematically 1–8. In recent times, a special attention is focused to explore the possibility of using polymer films and modified polymer films as potential optical materials 9–20. Based on the survey made in the literature, it has been found that earlier a little work has been reported on polymers with Eu 3+ and with other lanthanide ions such as Nd 3+ , Er 3+ , etc 9, 12, 15–20.…”

“…In recent times, a special attention is focused to explore the possibility of using polymer films and modified polymer films as potential optical materials 9–20. Based on the survey made in the literature, it has been found that earlier a little work has been reported on polymers with Eu 3+ and with other lanthanide ions such as Nd 3+ , Er 3+ , etc 9, 12, 15–20. From these papers, we understand that polymer films with rare earth (RE) ions have rich applications in different optical fields such as optical sensors, electro luminescent displays, optical amplifiers, and optical wave guides.…”