frequency region (3100-3400 cm −1); therefore, the Raman spectrum of water does not interfere with the spectra of the molecules of interest, which is a critical property for bioanalytical applications. [3,4] However, the extremely low signal intensity of Raman scattering of molecules has been a major obstacle in the way of its wide application. [5] In contrast, fluorescence offers a high quantum yield in the visible region and generates high spatiotemporal images of the biological structures and functions upon appropriate modification with fluorescent dyes. The development of new optical techniques, such as confocal microscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and recently, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, [6] has made it possible to obtain more detailed structural information. However, because fluorescence microscopy relies on labeling with external dye molecules, a fluorescence signal provides limited information and is prone to rapid photobleaching as major drawbacks for long-term monitoring. In the history of the development of Raman spectroscopy, two significant discoveries boosted research interest in the use of Raman scattering for practical applications. In 1973, Fleischmann et al. first reported the greatly enhanced Raman scattering intensity of pyridine molecules adsorbed on an electrochemically roughened silver surface, a technique known as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). [7] This effect was further explained by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, who proposed an electromagnetic (EM) mechanism for the SERS. [8] The enhancement factor (EF) of the Raman signal intensity is proportional to the fourth order of the local EM field intensity (EF ∝|E| 4). [5] Albrecht and Creighton proposed that the chargetransfer effect contributes to SERS. [9] Both mechanisms are believed to be involved in enhancing the intensity of the Raman scattering spectrum. [10] Nearly 20 years later, in 1997, Nie and Kneipp independently suggested the possibility of single-molecule detection with Raman scattering from nanoparticle aggregates. [11,12] The EF values at this time were calculated to be in the range of 10 14-10 15 , which is believed to be the EF required to obtain a Raman scattering signal from a single molecule. [11,12] Zrimsek et al. and Park et al. experimentally demonstrated that an EF of ≈10 7-10 8 is sufficient to achieve single-molecule SERS. [10,13] Despite the controversy regarding the minimum EF for single molecule detection, it was clear that the presence of a Plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering has attracted considerable attention in the fields of Raman-based bioanalytical applications and materials science. Various strategies have been proposed to prepare nanostructures with an inter-or intra-nanogap for fundamental study models or applications. This report focuses on recent advances in synthetic methods to fabricate intra-nanogap structures with diverse dimensions, with detailed focus on the theory and bioanalytical applications. Synthetic strategies ranging from the use of ...