Multiplexed Frequency Spectrum Analyzer Instrumentation for the Characterization of Multiple QCM-Based Biosensors

Abstract

In this contribution, we present novel multiplexed frequency spectrum analyzer instrumentation to extract operational parameters and completely characterize the frequency response of an array of quartz crystal microbalance sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed instrumentation is proven by experimental measurements over a range of frequencies.

Dew Point Calibration System Using a Quartz Crystal Sensor with a Differential Frequency Method

“…The electrical parameters are measured using an equivalent BVD circuit model of quartz crystal by Agilent4294A Precision Impedance Analyzer and are placed into Equation (1), and the resonance frequency of QCM can be thus be calculated in about 2–3 s [31]. $f_0=\frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{L_q{C}_q}}$ where $f_0$ represents series resonance frequency, and the inductance and capacitance in BVD equivalent circuit model of quartz crystal are denoted by $L_q$ and $C_q$ respectively.…”

Simpler and faster quartz crystal microbalance for macromolecule detection using fixed frequency drive

“…Multiplexability, i.e., the capability to read multiple QCRs, is often a desired QCR feature where multiple targets or biomarkers need to be measured at the same time. Impedance analysis, ring down, and oscillator circuit techniques have been explored for multiplexability [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135].…”

Fourier-type integral transforms in modeling of transversal oscillation

“…In many applications, the envelope of received or analyzed signal contains the required information to characterize sensors or systems such as quartz crystal biosensors [1], RFID communications [2], photonic and fibre transmission [3]. Among the most used techniques, there are analog basic circuit using electronic components (diode, resistor, and capacitor) and a squaring low-pass filtering where the envelope detection involves squaring the input signal and sending this signal through a lowpass filter.…”