Multiplexed regenerated fiber Bragg gratings for high-temperature measurement

Laffont, Guillaume; Cotillard, R.; Ferdinand, Pierre

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/24/9/094010

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Complex RFBG structures such as phase-shifted gratings [47], chirped gratings [48] and even final Bragg wavelength controlling [49] have been fabricated. Multiplexed distributed sensing also is possible [1,50].…”

Section: Ultra-high Temperature Regenerated Fbgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this comes along with few shortcomings: devices are limited to only few fibre compositions (e.g. regeneration efficiency is low in pure silica core fibres), the thermal engineering process leads to brittle fibres, mutiplexing FBGs in same fibres is possible [50] but difficult, and there is no available model to perform a reliable predition of long term operation.…”

Section: Ultra-high Temperature Regenerated Fbgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of high temperature fibre Bragg gratings and potential improvement using highly doped aluminosilicate glass optical fibres

et al. 2019

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In this paper, various types of high temperature fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) are reviewed, including recent results and advancements in the field. The main motivation of this review is to highlight the potential of fabricating thermally stable refractive index contrasts using femtosecond (fs) nearinfrared radiation in fibres fabricated with non-conventional techniques, such as the molten core method. As a demonstration of this, an yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) core and pure silica cladding glass optical fibre is fabricated and investigated after being irradiated by an fs laser within the Type II regime. The familiar formation of nanogratings inside both core and cladding regions are identified and studied using birefringence measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the Type II modifications is then investigated through isochronal annealing experiments (up to T=1100°C; time steps, Δt=30 min). For the YAS core composition, the measured birefringence does not decrease when tested up to 1000°C, while for the SiO 2 cladding under the same conditions, its value decreased by ∼30%. These results suggest that inscription of such 'Type II fs-IR' modifications in YAS fibres could be employed to make FBGs with high thermal stability. This opens the door toward the fabrication of a new range of 'FBG host fibres' suitable for ultra-high temperature operation. ORCID iDsMaxime Cavillon https:/ /orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-6294 Peter Dragic https:/ /orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-9130 Figure 5. Normalized retardance (averaged over the 0.1 to 1.0 μJ pulse energy range) as a function of temperature for YAG-derived fibre at the core center (YAS) and in the cladding (SiO 2 ), for both // and ⊥ configurations. The measurements were performed at room temperature.

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Section: Ultra-high Temperature Regenerated Fbgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultra-high Temperature Regenerated Fbgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of high temperature fibre Bragg gratings and potential improvement using highly doped aluminosilicate glass optical fibres

et al. 2019

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“…As can be seen, the Bragg wavelengths exhibited a blue shift of about 1.1 nm due to the regeneration procedure and the regeneration efficiencies, expressed by the ratios of peak reflected power to pristine peak reflected power, ranged from 1% to 6%. This is lower than the typical values reported for regeneration experiments with seed grating arrays, where the gratings regenerated to about 10% of their pristine peak power [26,27]. Despite the low peak reflectivity values of the RFBGs, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was still larger than 25 dB, enabling precise detection of the Bragg peaks ( Figure 3b).…”

Section: Regeneration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 68%

Fiber-Optic Multipoint Sensor System with Low Drift for the Long-Term Monitoring of High-Temperature Distributions in Chemical Reactors

Dutz

Heinrich²,

Bank³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A low-drift fiber-optic sensor system, consisting of 24 regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBG), equally distributed over a length of 2.3 m, is presented here. The sensor system can monitor spatially extended temperature profiles with a time resolution of 1 Hz at temperatures of up to 500 • C. The system is intended to be used in chemical reactors for both the control of the production ramp-up, where a fast time response is needed, as well as for production surveillance, where low sensor drifts over several years are required. The fiber-optic sensor system was installed in a pilot test reactor and was exposed to a constant temperature profile, with temperatures in the range of 150-500 • C for more than two years. During this period, the temperature profile was measured every three to five months and the fiber-optic temperature data were compared with data from a three-point thermocouple array and a calibrated single-point thermocouple. A very good agreement between all temperature measurements was found. The drift rates of the 24 RFBG sensor elements were determined by comparing the Bragg wavelengths at a precisely defined reference temperature near room temperature before and after the two-year deployment. They were found to be in the range of 0.0 K/a to 2.3 K/a, with an average value of 1.0 K/a. These low drift rates were achieved by a dedicated temperature treatment of the RFBGs during fabrication. Here, the demonstrated robustness, accuracy, and low drift characteristics show the potential of fiber-optic sensors for future industrial applications. gratings strongly decay at high temperatures [1,2]. Amongst others, type II FBGs inscribed with femtosecond (fs) lasers [3][4][5] and regenerated FBGs (RFBGs) [6][7][8] have been reported to be suitable for temperatures up to 1200 • C. Most often, type II FBGs are inscribed with high-intensity femtosecond laser beams by phase masks (type II-PM) [3,9] or by a point-by-point (type II-PbP) [10] technique, and their main features are a high grating reflectivity, inherent temperature stability, and high initial tensile strength. The disadvantages of type II FBGs arise from their polarization sensitivity [10,11] and strong cladding mode coupling [5,10], which can limit their multiplexing capabilities. Type II-PbP gratings show significant wavelength drift when exposed to high temperatures [12,13]. For type II-PM FBGs, a stabilization of the wavelength drift after an annealing procedure of 100 h at 1000 • C has been reported [14]. Due to temperature treatments, a thermal-induced glass corrosion and thus a reduction of the tensile strength has to be taken into account.Regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBGs) emerge from type I gratings in H 2 -loaded fibers after an annealing process at temperatures in the range of 800 • C to 1100 • C [7,15]. Their uniform spectral line shapes and the lack of cladding mode coupling make RFBGs perfectly suited for multiplexing applications. When compared to type II FBGs, RFBGs typically exhibit lower values of grating reflectivity. However, ...

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“…To produce stable thermal sensors for high temperature environments Fokine [9,10,11,12,13,14], Zhang [15,16], Canning [7,17,18,19], Barrera [20,21,22], Guan [23,24,25] and others [26,27,28,29,30] have devoted significant efforts to the study of the design, production and related technologies of RFBGs. Recently, a number of research groups have also begun to focus their efforts on the application of RFBGs in high-temperature environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of CCG Sensors to a High-Temperature Structure Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Load

Xie

Meng

Jin

et al. 2016

Sensors

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This paper presents a simple methodology to perform a high temperature coupled thermo-mechanical test using ultra-high temperature ceramic material specimens (UHTCs), which are equipped with chemical composition gratings sensors (CCGs). The methodology also considers the presence of coupled loading within the response provided by the CCG sensors. The theoretical strain of the UHTCs specimens calculated with this technique shows a maximum relative error of 2.15% between the analytical and experimental data. To further verify the validity of the results from the tests, a Finite Element (FE) model has been developed to simulate the temperature, stress and strain fields within the UHTC structure equipped with the CCG. The results show that the compressive stress exceeds the material strength at the bonding area, and this originates a failure by fracture of the supporting structure in the hot environment. The results related to the strain fields show that the relative error with the experimental data decrease with an increase of temperature. The relative error is less than 15% when the temperature is higher than 200 °C, and only 6.71% at 695 °C.

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Multiplexed regenerated fiber Bragg gratings for high-temperature measurement

Cited by 64 publications

References 7 publications

Overview of high temperature fibre Bragg gratings and potential improvement using highly doped aluminosilicate glass optical fibres

Overview of high temperature fibre Bragg gratings and potential improvement using highly doped aluminosilicate glass optical fibres

Fiber-Optic Multipoint Sensor System with Low Drift for the Long-Term Monitoring of High-Temperature Distributions in Chemical Reactors

Application of CCG Sensors to a High-Temperature Structure Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Load

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