Multiplication and haemadsorbing activity of infectious salmon anaemia virus in the established Atlantic salmon cell line.

Sommer, Ann-Inger; Mennen, Saskia

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-8-1891

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The present study shows how IPNV infections may interfere with infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) or Vibrio salmonicida infections in smoltified Atlantic salmon after transfer to seawater. ISAV is an aquatic orthomyxovirus causing ISA (Mjaaland et al 1997, Sommer & Mennen 1997. ISA has been a problem in farmed salmon in Norway for many years and recently the disease has been detected in farmed salmon in Scotland and Canada (Lovely et al 1999, Rowley et al 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Johansen¹,

Sommer²

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus (IPNV) infection in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar L. post-smolts and its influence on the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) or Vibrio salmonicida were studied. The infections with ISAV or V. salmonicida were performed both in a period of acute IPN and in the following IPNV carrier stage, 3 and 6 to 8 wk after experimental IPNV challenge, respectively. An IPNV carrier condition at low virus titre did not influence the mortality rates after secondary infections. Neither the ISAV infection nor the V. salmonicida infection in experimentally induced IPNV carriers resulted in mortalities different from those observed after challenge of IPNV-free fish. At higher IPNV titres in Atlantic salmon with acute IPN, the outcome of secondary infections was quite different from that observed in IPNVfree fish and in IPNV carriers. In 2 different experiments significantly more fish died when fish with acute IPN were infected with V. salmonicida than when fish were infected with V. salmonicida alone. Mortality also started earlier in the double-infected group than in the group challenged with V. salmonicida alone, 3 to 4 and 8 d after V. salmonicida infection, respectively. Similar results were observed independent of whether mortalities due to IPN alone were registered in the experiments. When Atlantic salmon with acute IPN were infected with ISAV, significantly fewer fish died than when fish were infected with ISAV alone. The ongoing IPNV infection seemed to provide some protection against development of ISA. KEY WORDS: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus · IPNV · Atlantic salmon · IPNV carriers · Coinfection · Vibrio salmonicida · Infectious salmon anaemia virus Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 47: [109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] 2001 survival than parallel groups of trout not previously infected with IPNV (de Kinkelin et al. 1992). Furthermore, protection against IHNV in juvenile rainbow trout was registered for 4 wk after a cutthroat trout virus (CTV) infection (Hedrick et al.1994), while resistance to IHNV lasted up to 8 wk after a chum salmon reovirus (CSV) infection (La Patra et al. 1995). Reports on the interaction between viruses and bacteria in experimentally infected fish are rather few, but recently Lee et al. (1999) reported double infections with IPNV and Vibrio carchariae in grouper Epinephelus sp. No mortality was registered in fish experimentally infected with IPNV or V. carchariae alone. Only double-infected fish died, suggesting a mutual role of the 2 pathogens in disease development.There is still little knowledge about what influence an IPNV carrier condition may have on the general health of Atlantic salmon and the development of diseases. We have studied experimental IPNV infections in Atlantic salmon and potential influences on the outcome of both a viral and a bacterial secondary infection. To our knowledge this is the first report co...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second passage of ISAV propagated in the AS cells (ISAV02/97) was used in Expt 3. The material contained 5 × 10 4 infectious particles ml , determined by use of haemadsorption centre assay (HACA) (Sommer & Mennen 1997). A 1:10 dilution of this material, giving acute ISA with approximately 90% cumulative mortality in prechallenges, was used for challenge.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Johansen¹,

Sommer²

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Таксономическое положение ISAV как члена семейства Orthomyxoviridae было установлено в 1997 г. на основании элек-тронно-микроскопического изучения морфо-логии вириона [16] и структуры генома [17]. В 1999 г. ISAV был включён в новый род Isavirus [18].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Infectious Salmon Anemia

Shchelkanov¹,

Shulgina²,

Stepan’kov³

et al. 2017

Ûg Ross.: èkol. razvit.

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Резюме. Цель данной работы заключается в анализе современных научных представлений об инфек-ционной анемии лососевых (ИАЛ), этиологически связанной с одноимённым вирусом ISAV (infectious salmon anemia virus) (Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus). Обсуждение. ИАЛ представляет собой смертельно опасное заболевание рыб семейства Salmonidae, которое начало активно распространяться по лососе-вым рыборазводным фермам, начиная с конца XX века. На сегодняшний день, ИАЛ представляет серь-ёзную угрозу рыбной промышленности, поскольку отсутствуют не только анти-ISAV химиопрепараты и эффективные вакцины, но и научно-обоснованные представления об экологии ISAV. В предлагаемом обзоре обсуждаются данные об истории открытия ISAV, его таксономическом положении, строении ви-риона, структуре генома и экологии ISAV, клинических проявлениях, патогенезе и лабораторной диагно-стике, мероприятиях в эпизоотическом очаге по предотвращению распространения и профилактике ИАЛ, меры по защите от лососевых вшей и использованные подходы к разработке анти-ISAV вакцин. Принципиальное значение имеют данные о том, что ISAV способен передаваться лососевыми вшами -веслоногими рачками (Copepoda: Caligidae), что позволяет относить ISAV к экологической группе арбо-вирусов, передающихся путём биологической трансмиссии членистоногими (копеподами) позвоночным животным (лососевым рыбам). Это единственный известный пока пример, когда в качестве вектора для арбовирусов выступают представители ракообразных (Crustacea). Заключение. Изучение экологии ISAV превращается в один из «пробных камней», позволяющий судить о технологической готовности человечества осваивать ресурсы Мирового океана. Ключевые слова: инфекционная анемия лососевых, вирус инфекционной анемии лососевых, Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus, лососевые вши, арбовирусы, экология микроорганизмов.Формат цитирования: Щелканов М.Ю., Шульгина М.А., Степаньков А.П., Львов Д.Н., Какарека Н.Н., Шестопалов А.М., Галкина И.В., Шевченко О.Г. Инфекционная анемия лососевых // Юг России: экология, развитие. 2017. Т.12, N2. C. 120-134. DOI: 10.18470/1992120-134. DOI: 10.18470/ -1098120-134. DOI: 10.18470/ -2017 Структура вириона ISAV (рис. 2) яв-ляется стандартной для вирусов семейства Orthomyxoviridae: первичные изоляты имеют вытянутую форму диаметром около 100 нм, а лабораторные изоляты -плеоморфную округлую форму (80-120 нм) [1; 21]. Липид-ная оболочка вириона содержит пепломеры (10 нм) двух типов: HE (hemagglutininesterase; 42.7 кДа), который выполняет функ-цию связывания и ферментативного разру-шения клеточного рецептора, и F (fusion; 48.8 кДа), который вызывает слияние липид-ных мембран вириона и внутриклеточной эндосомы. Белок F состоит из двух субъеди-ниц, F1 (29.8 кДа) и F2 (20.3 кДа), связанных дисульфидной связью. Изнутри внешний липидный слой импрегнирован матриксным белком М1 (22.0 кДа), придающим вирионам устойчивость в водной среде.Нуклеоид представлен вирионной РНК, плотная укладка которой определяется тесным взаимодействием с фосфорилиро-ванным белком NP (nucleoprotein; 68.0 кДа). В состав нуклеоида также входят...

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“…Some strains of ISAV can also replicate and cause CPE in the Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line (Bouchard et al, 1999;Kibenge et al, 2000;Griffiths et al, 2001). Virus replication may also occur in Atlantic salmon (AS) (Sanchez et al, 1993;Sommer & Mennen, 1997) and rainbow trout gills (RTgill-W1) (Bols et al, 1994) cell lines, but, in these cases, the virus is non-cytopathic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-mediated growth of infectious salmon anaemia virus in macrophage-like fish cell lines

Joseph

Kibenge

2003

Journal of General Virology

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Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a pathogen in marine aquaculture, belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. There is limited information on how ISAV interacts with host defences. To study ISAV-antibody interactions, virus neutralization (VN) assays were performed in the cell lines CHSE-214, SHK-1 and TO using three strains of ISAV and rabbit or fish anti-ISAV sera. Homologous VN titres of >1 : 1280 in CHSE-214 cells corresponded to titres of only 1 : 80 in the macrophage-like fish cell lines SHK-1 and TO, despite using 1000 and 2000 times less virus, respectively. However, rabbit antiserum to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) had a VN titre of 1 : 10 260 against IPNV in both CHSE-214 and TO cells. Poor ISAV neutralization in TO cells was attributed to Fc receptors mediating virus infectivity, because (1) neutralization by rabbit antiserum to ISAV was increased 48-fold in the presence of staphylococcal Protein A and (2) when using FITC-labelled virus and spectrofluorometry, a significant increase (P=0?018) in the intensity of fluorescence of intracellular virus was observed in assays of virus-antiserum mixtures in the absence of Protein A as compared to those in the presence of Protein A. Neutralization of ISAV with fish antisera was observed only in CHSE-214 cells, as Protein A could not restore neutralization in TO cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time antibody-mediated infection of macrophage-like fish cell lines by a fish virus, ISAV, and, as ISAV in Atlantic salmon targets leukocytic and endothelial cells, this may have implications for ISA pathogenesis and vaccination. INTRODUCTIONInfectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is the cause of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA), which is characterized by severe anaemia and high mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon. The pathological changes of the disease include exophthalmia, leukopenia, ascites, congestion and enlargement of liver and spleen, congestion in the intestinal mucosa, haemorrhagic liver necrosis and petechae in the visceral fat. The clinical disease was first recognized in Norway (Thorud & Djupvik, 1988) and has since been reported in Canada (Mullins et al., 1998), Scotland (Rodger & Richards, 1998), the Faro Islands (Anon., 2000) and Maine, USA (Bouchard et al., 2001). The virus has also been detected in diseased, farmed Coho salmon in Chile (Kibenge et al., 2001a) and in apparently normal wild fish (sea trout, Atlantic salmon and brown trout) from Scotland (Raynard et al., 2001). Sea trout, brown trout and rainbow trout have been shown experimentally to be asymptomatic carriers of the virus (Nylund & Jakobsen, 1995;Nylund et al., , 1997. The immune response in Atlantic salmon does not provide full protection against ISAV infection and farmed Atlantic salmon that recover from clinical ISA continue to shed the virus for long periods of time, but detection of ISAV in carrier fish required the use of RT-PCR (Devold et al., 2000), which suggests that viral RNA is not abundant. However, such fish can transmit ISA...

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Multiplication and haemadsorbing activity of infectious salmon anaemia virus in the established Atlantic salmon cell line.

Abstract: Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV),

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Infectious Salmon Anemia

Antibody-mediated growth of infectious salmon anaemia virus in macrophage-like fish cell lines

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