This work concerns the Koszul complex K of a commutative noetherian local ring R, with its natural structure as differential graded R-algebra. It is proved that under diverse conditions, involving the multiplicative structure of H(K), any dg R-algebra automorphism of K induces the identity map on H(K). In such cases, it is possible to define an action of the automorphism group of R on H(K). On the other hand, numerous rings are described for which K has automorphisms that do not induce the identity on H(K).For any R, it is shown that the group of automorphisms of H(K) induced by automorphisms of K is abelian.