Multiplicity and entropy scaling of medium-energy protons emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abdelsalam, A.; Kamel, S.; Hafiz, M. E.

doi:10.3938/jkps.67.1150

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additionally, it seems from Table 4 that kurtosis in the case of singly charged PFs has a stronger energy dependence than that of doubly charged PFs. The positive values of the kurtosis in the case of singly charged PFs at 3.7 A GeV and in the case of doubly charged PFs at both energies indicate the possibility of a slightly platykurtic distribution (K < 3) [20], while, the positive value of kurtosis in the case of singly charged PFs at 200 A GeV indicates the possibility of a strongly leptokurtic distribution (K > 3). Figure 3 shows the variation of average number of charged PFs < N i > as a function of the projectile mass number A P in nucleus-emulsion (A-Em) interactions at ∼ 3.7 A GeV.…”

Section: Dependence Of the Pfs On Projectile Energymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The usual way of investigating the charged-particle MD and its shape is to calculate its moments. In statistics, probability distribution functions can be characterized by the various order moments, such as the mean (< N >), the variance (σ 2 =< (∆N ) 2 >), the skewness (Skew = < (∆N ) 3 > /σ 3 ) and the kurtosis (K =< (∆N ) 4 > /σ 4 − 3), where ∆N = N − < N > [20]. Skewness and kurtosis are used to characterize the asymmetry and peakness of the MDs, respectively.…”

Section: Dependence Of the Pfs On Projectile Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yields of projectile fragments in sulphur-emulsion interactions at 3.7 A GeV

Kamel¹,

Osman²,

Fayed³

2017

Chinese Phys. C

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This work presents the basic characteristics of singly, doubly and heavily charged projectile fragments (PFs) emitted in inelastic interactions of 32 S ions with photo-emulsion nuclei at Dubna energy (3.7A GeV). Our experimental data are compared with the corresponding data for other projectiles at the same incident energy. The study of mean multiplicities of different charged PFs against the projectile mass shows a power-law relationship. The multiplicity distributions of singly and doubly charged PFs have been fitted well with a Gaussian distribution function. The yields of PFs broken up from the interactions of 32 S projectile nuclei with different target nuclei are studied. The beam energy dependence in terms of the various order moments is studied as well. .

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Section: Dependence Of the Pfs On Projectile Energymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Dependence Of the Pfs On Projectile Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Yields of projectile fragments in sulphur-emulsion interactions at 3.7 A GeV

Kamel¹,

Osman²,

Fayed³

2017

Chinese Phys. C

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Stochastic delayed kinetics of foraging colony system under non-Gaussian noise

Dong

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2018

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals

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Fast and slow target proton production induced by the interactions of 22Ne and 24Mg projectiles with the heavy emulsion nuclei at Dubna energy

Kamel

Osman

Sabry

et al. 2018

Int. J. Mod. Phys. E

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In this work, a detailed study on the multiplicity characteristics of fast and slow target protons produced in the interactions of 3.3A[Formula: see text]GeV [Formula: see text] and 3.7A[Formula: see text]GeV [Formula: see text]Mg projectiles with the heavy emulsion nuclei (AgBr) is performed. The experimental data of the multiplicity distributions (MDs) of gray (fast protons) and black (slow protons) particles are fitted with the negative binomial and Gaussian distributions indicating a reasonable consensus with each. The validity of scaling hypothesis of MDs of gray and black particles is verified by studying two types of scaling functions, Koba–Nielson–Olsen (KNO) scaling and Hegyi scaling. The experimental data are displayed by a simplified universal function in each scaling. An examination of the relationship between the entropy and the average multiplicity is performed. The measurements of the higher-order moments (mean, variance, skewedness and kurtosis) of MDs of proton target fragments are measured. The second Muller moments are calculated as well to investigate the correlation among the fast and slow target protons.

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Multiplicity and entropy scaling of medium-energy protons emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Yields of projectile fragments in sulphur-emulsion interactions at 3.7 A GeV

Yields of projectile fragments in sulphur-emulsion interactions at 3.7 A GeV

Stochastic delayed kinetics of foraging colony system under non-Gaussian noise

Fast and slow target proton production induced by the interactions of 22Ne and 24Mg projectiles with the heavy emulsion nuclei at Dubna energy

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