Multiplicity of glutathione S-transferase genes in the rat and association with a type 2 Alu repetitive element

Rothkopf, Gail S.; Telakowski-Hopkins, Claudia A.; Stotish, Ronald L.; Pickett, Cecil B.

doi:10.1021/bi00353a007

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Alu sequences constitute 3-6% the total mass of DNA (30) and are usually located in intergenic DNA or in introns. The only mature mRNAs noted that contain Alu-like sequences are those of the class I histocompatibility antigens of the mouse (31), one of the glutathione S-transferases (32), and the human low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA (33), which contains several repetitive Alu sequences in the 3'-noncoding region. The Alu sequences located in the human P-450 4 mRNA, which are 83-85% homologous to the consensus sequence (29), are organized in an inverse/complement fashion with a thymidine-rich region immediately to the 5' side of each sequence, and are not flanked by direct repeats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cytochrome P-450 4 mRNA and gene: part of a multigene family that contains Alu sequences in its mRNA.

Quattrochi¹,

Pendurthi²,

Okino³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Several overlapping Xgtll cDNA clones have been sequenced and shown to encode for the full-length human cytochrome P-450 4. The structure and location of the exons and flanking intron regions were also identified from a XEMBL-3 human genomic clone that encodes the full-length human P-450 4 gene. The human P-450 4 mRNA is flanked by 62 base pairs of 5'-and 1508 base pairs of 3'-noncoding sequence, with 1548 bases that encode a protein of 516 amino acids (Mr, 58,376). The predicted amino acid sequence of human P-450 4 is 69% and 70% homologous to its equivalent in mouse and rat, respectively, 75% homologous to rabbit P-450 4, and 68% homologous to human P1-450. The 7.6-kilobase gene encodes 3118 nucleotides of exon sequence that is separated by six introns into seven exons. Exon 7, which is 1802 nucleotides, contains three inverse/complement Alu sequences that are organized in tandem. Comparison of the genomic DNA sequence of the human P-450 4 gene with the human P1-450 and related genes in rat and mouse and the identification of the amino acid residues and triplet codon at each exon-intron junction show that the location of each intron in the human P-450 4 gene is conserved within this gene family. Although the length and homology of the introns within a related gene family may not be conserved, the location of intronic sequences may be an important determinant in the identification of related P-450 genes.The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases are a group of proteins responsible for the oxidation of drugs, environmental pollutants, and endogenous compounds such as steroids and fatty acids (1). The diversity within this group of enzymes is dictated by structural heterogeneity, tissue specificity, and the differential regulation of the various forms of P-450. One highly conserved subfamily of the P-450 superfamily is represented by two forms of P-450 that are susceptible to induction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In rabbits, cDNAs that encode for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (CL4Bz2-dioxin)-inducible P-450 4 and P-450 6 have been shown by DNA sequence analysis to be homologous to rat P-450d and P-450c and mouse P3-450 and P1-450, respectively (2). Rabbit P-450 4 and P-450 6 are differentially regulated during development, with P-450 4 constituting the major adult form in liver while P-450 6 is expressed in other tissues (3,4). Similar observations have been made for the homologous forms in the mouse (5). In mice and rats, it has been shown that the induction by C14Bz2-dioxin requires the presence of specific DNA regions on the 5' side of the cap site on the P1-450 and P-450c (6)(7)(8) genes.An important step to understand how this gene family has evolved and what mechanisms control its expression in humans is to characterize the mRNAs and genes that encode this family of P-450s. The cDNA and gene that encode the human equivalent to mouse P1-450 has been fully characterized (9, 10). It has been proposed that in humans, the gene equivalent to the major CL41Bz2-dioxin-inducible form in rabbit, P-450...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cytochrome P-450 4 mRNA and gene: part of a multigene family that contains Alu sequences in its mRNA.

Quattrochi¹,

Pendurthi²,

Okino³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…was quantified from the peak area expressed as A214x ml, as obtained from the recorder. In order to convert peak area into protein content, the 6214 for each subunit was obtained by multiplying its 6280, calculated from its known tyrosine and tryptophan content (Pickett et al, 1984;Lai et al, 1984;Telakowski-Hopkins et al, 1985;Ding et al, 1985;Suguoka et al, 1985;Rothkopf et al, 1986), by the ratio of A214 to A280 obtained from its absorption A mixture of purified GSH transferase homodimers 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 and 7-7 in 0.1 M-sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, was applied to a ,uBondapak C18 column and eluted with a gradient of solvent B (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile) in solvent A (water) as described in the text. Numbers refer to GSH transferase subunits.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Purified Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The separation of glutathione transferase subunits by using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography

Farrants

Meyer

Coles

et al. 1987

Biochemical Journal

177

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A simple method is described for the separation and quantification of the subunits of GSH transferases present in rat tissue extracts. This method, involving GSH-agarose affinity chromatography followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c., is rapid and sufficiently sensitive to measure 5 micrograms of each subunit in a mixture. Examples are given of its application to extracts of rat kidney, adrenal, testicular interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules. The analysis of seminiferous tubules indicates that the technique may be of value for the identification of novel subunits. Preliminary separations of subunits from human GSH transferases are also described.

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“…Hardison, The Pennsylvania State University) were screened with pRB-502 with procedures described by Rothkopf et al [26].…”

Section: Identijication Of Rabbit Liver Apo A-igenomic Clonementioning

confidence: 99%

Rabbit apolipoprotein A‐I mRNA and gene

Pan

Hao

Yamin

et al. 1987

European Journal of Biochemistry

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In order to study the tissue‐specific expression of rabbit apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I, a 923‐base‐pair clone, pRBA‐502, complementary to rabbit apo A‐I mRNA was identified from a rabbit intestinal cDNA library by hybrid‐select translation and immunoprecipitation methods. Northern blot and dot‐blot hybridization, utilizing 32P‐labeled pRBA‐502, revealed that the rabbit apo A‐I gene is expressed in the intestine, not in the liver and that rabbit apo A‐I mRNA is about 950 nucleotides in length. The entire nucleotide sequence of pRBA‐502 has been determined and the complete amino acid sequence of the corresponding apo A‐I has been deduced. The mRNA codes for a protein comprising 265 amino acids. Amino acids 1–18 and 19–24 of the primary translation product represent the presegment and prosegment, respectively, of apo A‐I. Matured rabbit apo A‐I contains 241 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 27612 Da. Using pRBA‐502 as a probe, a 15.5‐kb genomic fragment, which contains the entire apo A‐I gene, was isolated from a rabbit liver genomic library. Sequence analysis of the gene shows that the 200 base pairs of the 5′ upstream flanking region of the rabbit and human apo A‐I genes showed 78% sequence homology. Like the human apo A‐I gene, the rabbit apo A‐I gene is interrupted by three intervening sequences. Except for two nucleotides in the fourth exon, the coding sequence of the rabbit liver apo A‐I gene is identical to that of pRBA‐502. Our data showed that the lack of expression of apo A‐I gene in rabbit liver is not due to the alternation of rabbit liver apo A‐I gene sequence and suggest that the expression of apo A‐I gene in rabbit liver is regulated by a trans‐acting regulating element(s).

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Multiplicity of glutathione S-transferase genes in the rat and association with a type 2 Alu repetitive element

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

Human cytochrome P-450 4 mRNA and gene: part of a multigene family that contains Alu sequences in its mRNA.

Human cytochrome P-450 4 mRNA and gene: part of a multigene family that contains Alu sequences in its mRNA.

The separation of glutathione transferase subunits by using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography

Rabbit apolipoprotein A‐I mRNA and gene

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