return loss is about 21 dB at the centre frequency of 1.8 GHz, and 3 dB passband width is about 4.5%. A comparison between the measurement and simulation is presented that the measured response strongly influenced by fabricated processing.
CONCLUSIONSMiniaturized interdigital hairpin resonator is proposed. A four-pole cross-coupled bandpass filter is also implemented. The simple and accurate design technique makes extensive use of EM simulation. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed through the design, fabrication, and measurement of compact hairpin bandpass filter at 1.8 GHz on FR4 substrate. The insertion loss of the filter with using FR4 substrate is about 1.26 dB, however, the attenuation values out of the band was below 16.7 dB on the lower frequency region and ϳ20.6 dB in the higher frequency region. The compactness in the circuit size make the design of crosscoupled filters using the microstrip miniaturized hairpin resonators attractive for further developments and applications in modern communication systems.ABSTRACT: Circular conductors have manufacturing advantage compared with rectangular conductors in building microwave components such as filters and couplers which make it very popular for microwave designers. The accurate and efficient evaluation results of the capacitance, inductance, and characteristic impedance of circular conductors can help the designers to optimize the layout of the integrated circuits. In this article, we use the finite element method to compute the capacitance per unit length, inductance per unit length, and characteristic impedance of circular conductors. Mainly, we focus our computation and modeling on four types of systems as follows: a single circular wire above ground plane in a dielectric layer, a single circular conductor above a ground plane in a lossy dielectric layer, parallel coupled slab lines with homogenous dielectric layer, and three circular rod arrays in a rectangular trough with homogenous dielectric layer. Comparisons with published results demonstrate excellent agreement with the modeling.ABSTRACT: An equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with reconfigurable polarization capability is proposed. The proposed design is achieved by loading with three L-type slits in the triangular patch and three PIN diodes are utilized to switch the slits on or off. According to the states of the diodes, the reconfigurable antenna can produce linear polarization or right hand circular polarization. An antenna prototype is implemented and measured.