“…In attempts to obtain schedules of better quality, many well-known metaheuristics, including genetic algorithm (GA) [1,6,8,21,33,37,42], artificial immune system (AIS) [44], ant colony optimization (ACO) [5], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [34], simulated annealing (SA) [26], tabu search (TS) [36], and variable neighborhood search (VNS) [32], have been adopted. Generally, metaheuristics can be divided into trajectory methods (also named local search heuristics) and population-based methods.…”