Multipurpose sensor tips for scanning near-field microscopy

Mihalcea, Ch.; Scholz, W.; Werner, S.; Münster, Stefan; Oesterschulze, E.; Kassing, Rainer

doi:10.1063/1.116520

Cited by 117 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…4.1(b) (top left inset, red) shows a waveguide with diameters of the minor and major axes of the entrance (exit) apertures of 2.4 µm (40 nm) and 4.8 µm (440 nm), respectively. Previously, optical second harmonic generation was used to characterize local fields at the exit aperture [91] of hollow near-field probes [92]. Here, we utilize surface-enhanced third harmonic (TH) generation as a confirmation of field enhancement and efficient waveguide coupling [71,5,6,93,81].…”

Section: Chapter 4 Generation and Bistability Of A Waveguide Nanoplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

et al. 2013

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The present (cumulative) thesis examines fundamentals of nanostructure-enhanced extreme-ultraviolet light generation in noble gases using two different nanostructure geometries for local field-enhancement. Specifically, resonant antennas and tapered hollow waveguide nanostructures are utilized to enhance low-energy femtosecond laser pulses, which in turn induce light emission from excited xenon, argon and neon atoms and ions. Spectral analysis of this radiation reveals that coherent high-order harmonic generation is not feasible under the examined conditions, contrary to former expectations and reports. Instead, the spectral characteristics unequivocally identify that incoherent fluorescence from multiphoton excited and strong-field ionized gas atoms is the predominant process in such schemes. Furthermore, novel nanostructure-enhanced effects are reported such as surface-enhanced fifth-order harmonic generation (from bow-tie nanoantennas) and the formation of a bistable nanoplasma (in a hollow waveguide). These effects offer intriguing links between nonlinear nano-optics, plasma dynamics and extreme-ultraviolet radiation.v vi

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Section: Chapter 4 Generation and Bistability Of A Waveguide Nanoplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

et al. 2013

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“…This issue improved after the introduction of the pit-approach in 1996 by Milhalcea [63], figure 1(C), in which a sharp etch pit was used as a template to construct the aperture. The pit typically forms following the anisotropic etch characteristics of crystalline silicon in hydroxide-based solutions [64,65].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wafer-scale fabrication of nanoapertures using corner lithography

Burouni¹,

Berenschot²,

Elwenspoek³

et al. 2013

Nanotechnology

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Several submicron probe technologies require the use of apertures to serve as electrical, optical or fluidic probes; for example, writing precisely using an atomic force microscope or near-field sensing of light reflecting from a biological surface. Controlling the size of such apertures below 100 nm is a challenge in fabrication. One way to accomplish this scale is to use high resolution tools such as deep UV or e-beam. However, these tools are wafer-scale and expensive, or only provide series fabrication. For this reason, in this study a versatile method adapted from conventional micromachining is investigated to fabricate protruding apertures on wafer-scale. This approach is called corner lithography and offers control of the size of the aperture with diameter less than 50 nm using a low-budget lithography tool. For example, by tuning the process parameters, an estimated mean size of 44.5 nm and an estimated standard deviation of 2.3 nm are found. The technique is demonstrated-based on a theoretical foundation including a statistical analysis-with the nanofabrication of apertures at the apexes of micromachined pyramids. Besides apertures, the technique enables the construction of wires, slits and dots into versatile three-dimensional structures.

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“…2, is a modification of a scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM), which employs hollowpyramid probes supported on a flexible cantilever that acts both as an optical screen and as a force sensor [11]. Control of the tip-sample distance is regulated by an optical feedback on the cantilever.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic movement of azo polymer chains by near‐field probes: Dependence on the illumination conditions

Savoini¹,

Biagioni²,

Finazzi³

et al. 2010

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The movement of photosensitive azo polymers induced by scanning near-field illumination is studied. As a function of the photon flux illuminating the sample and exposure time, different effects are obtained: from a nanoscopic reorientation, inducing birefringence in the sample, to a macroscopic movement of the photosensitive polymers. It is also shown that this movement is strongly influenced by the state of incident light polarization. The combination of azo polymers and nearfield illumination allows encoding sub diffraction information and can be exploited in applications as nanomachining and nanofabrication.Birefringence signal associated to nanoscopic reorientation of the azomers.

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Multipurpose sensor tips for scanning near-field microscopy

Cited by 117 publications

References 3 publications

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

Wafer-scale fabrication of nanoapertures using corner lithography

Macroscopic movement of azo polymer chains by near‐field probes: Dependence on the illumination conditions

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