Multiregional Input–Output Model for the Evaluation of Spanish Water Flows

Cazcarro, Ignacio; Duarte, Rosa; Chóliz, Julio Sánchez

doi:10.1021/es4019964

Cited by 92 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Dietzenbacher et al [44] compiled eight experts' views on the future of input-output. As mentioned above, the method has been widely used in environmental research [45] on energy consumption [46][47][48], greenhouse gas emissions [49][50][51][52], air pollution [53,54], water use [55][56][57][58], land use [59,60], biodiversity loss [61,62] and materials use [63,64]. In this study, the input-output model is used to calculate the production-based carbon emissions from production based emission inventories for Chinese cities.…”

Section: Input-output Model For Consumption-based Accounting Of Carbomentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption-based emission accounting for Chinese cities

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Most of China's CO2 emissions are related to energy consumption in its cities. Thus, cities are critical for implementing China's carbon emissions mitigation policies. In this study, we employ an input-output model to calculate consumption-based CO2 emissions for thirteen Chinese cities and find substantial differences between production-and consumption-based accounting in terms of both overall and per capita carbon emissions. Urban consumption not only leads to carbon emissions within a city's own boundaries but also induces emissions in other regions via interregional trade. In megacities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, approximately 70% of consumption-based emissions are imported from other regions. Annual per capita consumptionbased emissions in the three megacities are 14, 12 and 10 tonnes of CO2 per person, respectively. Some medium-sized cities, such as Shenyang, Dalian and Ningbo, exhibit per capita emissions that resemble those in Tianjin. From the perspective of final use, capital formation is the largest contributor to consumption-based emissions at 32-65%. All thirteen cities are categorized by their trading patterns: five are production-based cities in which production-based emissions exceed consumption-based emissions, whereas eight are consumption-based cities, with the opposite emissions pattern. Moreover, production-based cities tend to become consumption-based as they undergo socioeconomic development.

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Section: Input-output Model For Consumption-based Accounting Of Carbomentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption-based emission accounting for Chinese cities

et al. 2016

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“…There have been studies specifically focused on Spain as a whole, or on its regions, focusing on agricultural production chains (Garrido et al, 2010), and on IO techniques (Dietzenbacher and Velazquez, 2007;Duarte et al, 2002). We also find works dealing with GWF or with water pollution in Spain for specific products (Chico et al, 2013;Salmoral et al, 2011), and with input-output techniques (Sánchez-Chóliz andDuarte, 2003, 2005), although these studies are conducted in a single region, and with less sectoral detail. To the best of our knowledge, no prior analyses of GWF have been developed in Spain in the context of an MRIO database and model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…See (Wiedmann et al, 2007) and (Wiedmann, 2009) for a review. For the study of water flows, inter-regional or multi-regional IO models have examined impacts across regions of China (Feng et al, 2012;Guan and Hubacek, 2007;Jiang et al, 2015;Okadera et al, 2006), Australia (Lenzen, M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2008, Mexico (López-Morales and Duchin, 2011) the UK (Allan et al, 2004), (Wiedmann et al, 2010), Spain (Cazcarro et al, 2013), and globally (Lenzen et al, 2013b). Most of these papers focus on volumes of green and blue water, and in general they have the advantages of accounting for the entire supply chain of production, among sectorsespecially industrial and services-in different regions or countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downscaling the grey water footprints of production and consumption

Cazcarro

Duarte

Chóliz

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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While economic and environmental policies and strategies are largely designed at the international, national or regional level, the environmental impacts of these measures are often felt at a more geographically-localized level. In particular, the effects on water resources, especially regarding water pollution and water stress, are usually localized in very specific hotspots. In this work, we acknowledge these facts and attempt to identify the linkages among the 17 regions in Spain (a semi-arid country with significant geographical variations in water availability), the European Union (EU), and the Rest of the World (RW), while also looking at the local effects of those interactions. In particular, we study the grey water footprints (a measure of the assimilation capacity of water resources) of production, at both the regional and business level, with spatially explicit information, and the extension of those footprints throughout the supply chain, while also computing the water footprints of consumption at the regional level. This process is a combination of a detailed computation of grey water footprints from production, from agriculture (from diffuse pollution), and from more general economic activities (from point source pollution), with a multiregional input-output model that encompasses the 17 Spanish Regions, the EU, and the RW. We also identify hotspots and vulnerable areas, linking the grey water footprints from production originating in these areas to final-consumer responsibilities. As an example of the potential of the combined methodology, we design and evaluate the effects on grey water footprints of scenarios of import substitutions in Spain. Our results show strong final demand in regions such as Madrid and Catalonia, and in net exporting regions such as Andalusia, Aragon, Castile and Leon, Castile-La Mancha, Extremadura, and Navarre. Some of these regions contain areas that are clearly vulnerable to nitrates and other pollutants, and parts of these regions, most obviously in Andalusia and Extremadura, suffer water stress, which leads us to question the sustainability of the relationships between the structure of production and trade and the environment.

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“…Dalin et al [45] indicate that it is possible to obtain global water savings from virtual water trade due to an increase in the proportion of water-efficient relationships, an increase in volumes of food traded through efficient trade relationships and an increase in the gap between the virtual content of products in the importing country and the exporting country. In this line, as Cazcarro et al [46] suggest, using traceability indicators of water to inform about the water content of products could be a way to improve water management and reduce environmental impacts. Multiregional models can be therefore an interesting tool to track water demands from production to consumption through global supply chains, offering useful information on the economic demands and their associated environmental impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spanish Food Industry on Global Supply Chains and Its Impact on Water Resources

Duarte

Pinilla

Serrano

2014

Water

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Abstract:The study of the impact of economic activities on natural resources through global supply chains is increasingly demanded in the context of the growing globalization of economies and product fragmentation. Taking Spain as a case study and a sector with significant economic and environmental impacts, the agri-food industry, the objective of this work is two-fold. First, we estimate the associated water impact, both from the production and consumption perspectives, paying special attention to the water embodied in production exchanges among countries and sectors. To that aim, we use an environmentally-extended multiregional input-output model (MRIO). Second, we assess the main driving factors behind changes in direct and embodied water consumption between the years 1995 and 2009 by means of a structural decomposition analysis. The MRIO model provides a comprehensive estimate of the economic linkages among regions and economic sectors and, therefore, allows calculating the environmental impacts over international value chains. The results indicate that the food industry exerts large impacts on global water resources, particularly given the remarkable interactions with the domestic and foreign agricultural sectors, These growing linkages show how consumption patterns, and, therefore, lifestyles, involve large environmental impacts through the whole and global supply chains. OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 133

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Multiregional Input–Output Model for the Evaluation of Spanish Water Flows

Cited by 92 publications

References 27 publications

Consumption-based emission accounting for Chinese cities

Consumption-based emission accounting for Chinese cities

Downscaling the grey water footprints of production and consumption

The Spanish Food Industry on Global Supply Chains and Its Impact on Water Resources

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