Multiresidue analysis of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in soil by ultrasonic-assisted extraction in small columns and HPLC-UV

Aqueous Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Mangrove Sediment by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detector

“…12,26,29,33,34,43 In the present study, it can be concluded that, in general, fluoroquinolones were best extracted from the sediment by use of basic solution (method 3). 35 Importantly, there is no consensus in the literature about the best pH for the extraction of sediment samples of antibiotics. This shows that the matrix effects are very important in the choice of extraction method.…”

“…This procedure is easy-to-use (sonication followed by centrifugation), the equipments are easily found in the laboratory, low-cost and uses little solvent extractor. 35,[39][40][41] Since the fluoroquinolones compounds have amphoteric properties due to the presence of two ionizable functional groups with environmental relevance in its structure, the carboxylic group (pK a ca. 6) and the amino group (pK a ca.…”

“…Based on what was mentioned above, three explanations for the method 3 performance were hypothesized: (i) the anionic specie can suffer repulsion of the negative sites in the surface of the sediment particles formed by clay minerals and iron oxides among others; (ii) in association with the previous mechanism, antibiotic/Mg 2+ complex contributes to increasing the fluoroquinolones solubility; 10,35,49,50 and (iii) on the other hand, the acid pH of methods 1 and 2 favors the cation exchange sorption mechanism, since the mangrove sediment has high exchange cation capacity (CTC = 20.90 cmol kg -1 ).…”

“…11 Alternatives techniques have been studied to improve the performance of extraction of analytes, such as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), 27,28 also known as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), 29,30 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) 31,32 and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). [33][34][35] Solid phase extraction (SPE) technique has been chosen for purification of extracts due to its efficiency and availability of phases. As an alternative, two SPE cartridges are set up in tandem for purification of the aqueous extracts.…”

Using robust Bayesian network to estimate the residuals of fluoroquinolone antibiotic in soil

“…The concentrations of three kinds of fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin (CFX), enrofloxacin (EFX), and norfloxacin (NFX) in soil were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) with the method developed by Turiel et al (2006). Lyophilized soil (1.0 g) was placed in a 10 ml centrifuge tube, and the FQs were extracted using 5 ml of potassium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (v/v = 1:1).…”