Multiresidue Determination of Fungicides in Wine by Solvent Demulsification-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Fast surface floating organic droplets based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction for trace enrichment of multiclass pesticide residues from different fruit juice samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection analysis

“…The sample solution pH is the most important variable in the extraction of targeted compounds since it enables them to be identified in the uncharged state so as to easily dissolve in the organic phase rather than the aqueous phase [4,42,43]. To investigate the influence of pH on extraction efficiency, the pH of the sample solutions was tested in the range of 3 and 9, adjusted by 0.1 M HCl or/and 0.1 M NaOH solution, before being subjected to DLLME−SFOD.…”

“…The most commonly used salt for salting out pesticide residues from contaminated samples is NaCl [2,4]. In this study, the same salt was also utilized in the concentration range from 0.5 to 30% w/v at the interval of 5% and was tested to see the effect of salt on the performance of the DLLME-SFOD procedure.…”

“…They are manufactured from multiple molecule substances obtained from various chemical groups that share some characteristics [1]. Out of the total amount of pesticides sprayed on the plants, only less than 0.1% of the applied pesticides actually reach the targeted pests; the remainder may end up on other environmental compartments and consumables like fruits and vegetables [2][3][4][5]. This has led to the need for discovery of these compounds in food, soil, and water, possibly compromising both human life and health of all other living species [6].…”

“…This has led to the need for discovery of these compounds in food, soil, and water, possibly compromising both human life and health of all other living species [6]. Due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation, it is essential and necessary condition to perform routine monitoring of the residues of pesticides in food and similar other matrices utilized in the livelihood of humans [4,7].…”

“…On the other hand, HPLC coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) is also frequently used to determine polar and thermally unstable pesticide compounds [7,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Both LC−MS and LC−MS/MS procedures, providing high sensitivity and better levels of selectivity, have increased the interest of researchers these days [4,22]. Most common laboratories lack expensive analytical instruments and have difficulties accessing modern equipment such as LC−MS and LC−MS/MS.…”