Multiscalar analysis and map generalisation of discrete social phenomena: Statistical problems and political consequences

Grasland, Claude; Mathian, Hélène; Vincent, Jean-Marc

doi:10.3233/sju-2000-17208

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…None of the 377 Sardinian municipalities met these two conditions. To overcome this problem, we used a multiscalar smoothing method based on Gaussian neighborhood distribution (Grasland et al, 2000) that allows the study of the spatial concentration of centenarians as a continuum, and is not limited by the division of the Sardinian territory into 377 municipalities. The first step was to select the optimum scale in the Gaussian neighborhood distribution that would provide the best compromise between sufficiently large sample sizes and integrity of the information on the spatial distribution of centenarians.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The great advantage of the Gaussian smoothing method (compared to a direct observation of municipality values or to an aggregation of municipalities) is that (i) the biases related to the shape and size of territorial divisions is reduced and that such a method allows for the selection of the best compromise between sample size of the neighborhoods and the variability of the spatial distribution, and (ii) it gives the possibility to test H 0 on a spatial sample of sufficient size (Tobler, 1969;Grasland et al, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island: the AKEA study

Poulain

Pes

Grasland

et al. 2004

Experimental Gerontology

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High prevalence and low female/male ratio for validated centenarians are observed in Sardinia and these findings appear to be thus far unique to this island. Moreover a specific region on the island is characterized by exceptional male longevity. We calculated the extreme longevity index (ELI), defined as the percentage of persons born in Sardinia between 1880 and 1900, who became centenarians. A gaussian smoothing method was used in order to identify the so-called 'Blue Zone', where longevity is concentrated in the central-eastern part of the island and covers all the mountainous areas of central Sardinia. The estimated life expectancy in the 'Blue Zone' is longer than in the remaining territory of the island especially for men and the male to female ratio among centenarians born in this area is 1.35 compared to 2.43 in the rest of Sardinia. The specific mechanism by which persons living in this territory were more likely to reach extreme longevity remains unknown but it is interesting to note that most of the 'longevity hot spots' identified in various regions of the world over the years have been located in mountainous geographical areas even if none of these longevity regions have been fully validated. An alternative and interesting hypothesis is that the high rate of inbreeding determined by frequent marriages between consanguineous individuals and low immigration rates have progressively decreased the variability of the genetic pool and facilitated the emergence of genetic characteristics that protect individuals from diseases that are major causes of mortality particularly in older individuals. Given the exceptionally high prevalence of male centenarians in the 'Blue Zone', it is reasonable to assume that either the environmental characteristics or the genetic factors, or both, exert their favorable effect more strongly in men than in women. Thus, the mechanism involved may be modulated by the hormonal milieu, or may be associated with genes located in the sex chromosomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island: the AKEA study

Poulain

Pes

Grasland

et al. 2004

Experimental Gerontology

Self Cite

219

161

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“…We infer that property markets are discrete social data, similar to Tobler’s hypothesis [130]: a potential price for a specific location is a function of distance to nearby similar transactions, and also a function of the number of properties available, turnover and realized transactions. This method removes spatial bias, resolving the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP), as demonstrated for demographic indices in Europe [127, 131]. We elaborate on Grasland’s framework for spatial analysis of social facts [129], based on Tobler’s first law of geography [132] and Stouffer’s intervening opportunities [133], justifying to use Stewart’s potential [128] for the spatial interpolation of social discrete data (details in S1 Methodological Appendix).…”

Section: Methodology: An Empirical Analysis Of Transactions In Paris mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who sells to whom in the suburbs? Home price inflation and the dynamics of sellers and buyers in the metropolitan region of Paris, 1996–2012

et al. 2019

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Price inflation has outbalanced the income of residents and buyers in major post-industrial city-regions, and real estate has become an important driver of these inequalities. In a context of a resilient inflation of home values during the last two decades in the greater Paris Region, it is critical to examine housing price dynamics to get a better understanding of socioeconomic segregation. This paper aims at presenting spatial analysis of the dynamics of segregation pertaining to inflation, analyzing price and sellers and buyers data. Using interpolation techniques and multivariate analysis, the paper presents a spatial analysis of property-level data from the Paris Chamber of Notaries (1996-2012) in a GIS (159,000 transactions in suburban areas, single family homes only). Multivariate analysis capture price change and local trajectories of occupational status, i.e. changes in balance between inward and outward flows of sellers and buyers. We adopt a method that fits the fragmented spatial patterns of suburbanization. To do so, we remove the spatial bias by means of a regular 1-km spatial grid, interpolating the variables within it, using a time-distance matrix. The main results are threefold. We document the spatial patterns of professionalization (a rise of executives, intermediate occupation and employees) to describe the main trends of inward mobility in property ownership in suburbs, offsetting the outward mobility of retired persons. Second, neighborhood trajectories are related the diverging patterns of appreciation, between local contexts of accumulation with a growth of residential prices, and suburbs with declining trends. The maturity of suburbanization yields a diversified structure of segregation between the social groups, that do not simply oppose executives vs. blue collar suburbs. A follow-up research agenda is finally outlined.

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“…As stated by Grasland and Madelin [5], "The access to individual data is of course the ideal situation, not because the individual level is in all cases the most appropriate one to observe or model a phenomenon, but mainly because it gives the choice to observe information at all possible levels and for all forms of spatial partitions." Prominent advocates of the use of micro-data are Tobler [6,7], Grasland [8] as well as, and more specifically in the field of economic geography, Arbia [9][10][11]. They propose the use of continuous space in order to transcend the issues raised by discrete boundaries, or the use of the flexibility of aggregation provided by point-located micro-data.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Exhaustive Micro-Data Firm Databases for Economic Geography: The Issues of Geocoding and Usability in the Case of the Amadeus Database

Lennert

2015

IJGI

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Economic geography has begun to explore the options involved in micro-data. New databases have become available and new techniques and an increase in computer power allow their treatment. However, two major issues impede the use of these datasets: the lack of geocoded spatial location and lack of exhaustivity in coverage. In this article, I explore the possibilities of using large micro-scale firm databases for economic geography in Europe. I show that current evolution in European official spatial data dissemination alows for geocoding of such databases using means that are accessible for researchers with minimal programming knowledge. For the specific case of the Amadeus database of the Bureau Van Dijk, I show that its limitations in terms of coverage have to be taken into acount, but do not hinder its use for analysis. Resulting maps show how the data allows to go further than classic databases such as the Eurostat Structural Business Statistics.

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Multiscalar analysis and map generalisation of discrete social phenomena: Statistical problems and political consequences

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island: the AKEA study

Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island: the AKEA study

Who sells to whom in the suburbs? Home price inflation and the dynamics of sellers and buyers in the metropolitan region of Paris, 1996–2012

The Use of Exhaustive Micro-Data Firm Databases for Economic Geography: The Issues of Geocoding and Usability in the Case of the Amadeus Database

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