Multiscale 3D-printing of microfluidic AFM cantilevers

Krämer, Robert; Verlinden, Eleonoor; Angeloni, Livia; Heuvel, Anita van den; Fratila‐Apachitei, Lidy E.; Maarel, Silvère M. van der; Ghatkesar, Murali Krishna

doi:10.1039/c9lc00668k

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, the glass pulling procedures can produce conical tips with a tapering half-angle of ~8/10 degrees 30 , which would allow having = 2.5 µm and a fiber-to-sample cavity length of ~500 µm. Alternatively, it is possible to substitute the pipette with functionally equivalent components that are manufactured using optical lithography 31 or high-resolution 3D printing 32 . In both cases, the goal would be to reduce the length of the fiber-to-sample cavity and make the probe fabrication more reproducible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical interferometry based micropipette aspiration provides real-time sub-nanometer spatial resolution

Berardi

Bielawski²,

Rijnveld³

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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Micropipette aspiration (MPA) is an essential tool in mechanobiology; however, its potential is far from fully exploited. The traditional MPA technique has limited temporal and spatial resolution and requires extensive post processing to obtain the mechanical fingerprints of samples. Here, we develop a MPA system that measures pressure and displacement in real time with sub-nanometer resolution thanks to an interferometric readout. This highly sensitive MPA system enables studying the nanoscale behavior of soft biomaterials under tension and their frequency-dependent viscoelastic response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical interferometry based micropipette aspiration provides real-time sub-nanometer spatial resolution

Berardi

Bielawski²,

Rijnveld³

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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“…Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been broadly used for prototyping devices, [ 1–3 ] stretchable electronics, [ 4–6 ] microfluidics, [ 7–9 ] and medical devices, [ 10 ] with the excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, transparent, and gas permeability. [ 11,12 ] Recently, three‐dimensional (3D) printing of PDMS is attracting extensive attention due to the capability of achieving structures with high complexity by combining 3D printing's merits of freeform design and fabrication and rapid prototyping.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Photo and Thermal Two‐Stage Curing for High‐Performance 3D Printing of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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moderate elastic modulus) for extrusion with the techniques of inkjet printing and direct ink writing (DIW). Unfortunately, most of the common PDMS precursors have neither light responsive (no unsaturated bonds or groups for curing or cross-linking) nor moderate viscosity (too low viscosity to support the deposited filaments). Recent advances have been exploited to solve these issues to achieve PDMS 3D printing. For example, Feinberg et al. demonstrated the 3D printing hydrophobic Sylgard-184 prepolymer resins within a hydrophilic Carbopol gel support via freeform reversible embedding. [19] Bhattacharjee and co-workers realized desktop-stereolithography 3D printing of PDMS based on commercially available methacrylated PDMS. [20] Very recently, Qin et al. developed a methacrylated PDMS that can realize the ultrafast and continuous fabrication of the PDMS membrane by UV induced polymerization. [21] Despite of the 3D objects obtained in the previous efforts, there are still some blemishes including the difficulty to build complicated 3D architectures and the requirement of fussy procedures for manually removing supporting bath. [22] Also, most of them are not compatible to the commercially available PDMSs, and moreover these tailor-made PDMSs for 3D printing usually exhibited quite poor mechanical performances with the tensile strength of less than ≈0.7 MPa, which is one order decrease, [6,20] and the elastic modulus of less than 0.9 MPa. [19] Therefore, there are still challenges to achieve 3D printing of PDMS and devices, especially with a universal approach and based on commercial materials.To address, we propose a photo/thermal two-stage curing strategy under the premise of excellent rheological behaviors, i.e., 3D printing with ultraviolet-assisted direct ink writing (UV-DIW) followed by thermal cross-linking, based on a commercial material of Sylgard-184. Typically, a commercial methacrylated prepolymer ((Methacryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, M-PDMS, Scheme 1) was mixed with the base and curing agent of Sylgard-184 resulting in a photosensitive PDMS (pPDMS). Due to the UV curing capability, the pPDMS exhibits excellent 3D printability because of the adjustment of the viscosity and elastic modulus during the extruded process with the UV-DIW technology. [23,24] The filament diameter of ≈100 µm and the layer thickness of ≈80 µm can be achieved, and also architectures with high complexity including hollow cylinders, lattices, cellular structures, and Three-dimensional (3D) printing of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is realized with a two-state curing strategy, i.e., photocuring for additively manufacturing high-precision architectures followed by thermal cross-linking for high-performance objects, taking Sylgard-184 as an example. In the mixture of base and curing agent of Sylgard-184, the photocuring ingredient methacrylated PDMS is incorporated to form hybrid inks with not only highefficiency UV curing ability but also moderate rheological properties for 3D printing. The inks are then used...

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“…This microfluidics cantilever was made using SLA and two-photon polymerization (2PP printing on a SL-printed fluidic interface). This type of cantilever probes provide microfluidics with AFM functionality and are useful for precise fluid manipulation inside cells via cell puncturing (99).…”

Section: Sample Manipulation Microscopy and 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Field Guide to 3D Printing in Microscopy

Rosario¹,

Heil²,

Mendes³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The maker movement has reached the optics labs, empowering researchers to actively create and modify microscope designs and imaging accessories. 3D printing has especially had a disruptive impact on the field, as it entails an accessible new approach in fabrication technologies, namely additive manufacturing, making prototyping in the lab available at low cost. Examples of this trend are taking advantage of the easy availability of 3D printing technology. For example, inexpensive microscopes for education have been designed, such as the FlyPi. Also, the highly complex robotic microscope OpenFlexure represents a clear desire for the democratisation of this technology. 3D printing facilitates new and powerful approaches to science and promotes collaboration between researchers, as 3D designs are easily shared. This holds the unique possibility to extend the open-access concept from knowledge to technology, allowing researchers from everywhere to use and extend model structures. Here we present a review of additive manufacturing applications in microscopy, guiding the user through this new and exciting technology and providing a starting point to anyone willing to employ this versatile and powerful new tool.

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Multiscale 3D-printing of microfluidic AFM cantilevers

Abstract: Multiscale 3D-printing enables rapid prototyping and fabrication of microfluidic AFM cantilevers for applications in life sciences and beyond.

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Optical interferometry based micropipette aspiration provides real-time sub-nanometer spatial resolution

Optical interferometry based micropipette aspiration provides real-time sub-nanometer spatial resolution

Facile Photo and Thermal Two‐Stage Curing for High‐Performance 3D Printing of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)

The Field Guide to 3D Printing in Microscopy

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