Multiscale characterization and comparison of historical and modern nuclear graphite grades

Arregui-Mena, José David; Worth, Robert N.; Bodel, William; März, Benjamin; Li, Wenjing; Campbell, Anne A.; Cakmak, Ercan; Gallego, Nidia; Contescu, Cristian I.; Edmondson, Philip D.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112047

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…However, mercury porosimetry has certain limitations in that it assumes that all the pores of graphite are cylindrical. In addition, when the applied pressure exceeds approximately 18.2 MPa, the pores of the graphite internals may be locally deformed or damaged, resulting in high measured porosity [31]. Despite this, mercury porosimetry is still widely used for the measurement of the pore size of graphite.…”

Section: Characterization Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation Characteristics of Non-Impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors

Lian,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

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Non-impregnated small-pore graphite (NSPG), which has a compact microstructure and is used in molten salt reactors (MSRs), was prepared by a novel process. The pore diameter of NSPG was reduced to ~800 nm. The irradiation evaluation of NSPG was carried out by 7 MeV Xe26+ ion irradiation. The microstructural changes of NSPG were investigated with IG-110 as a comparison. The graphitization degree of NSPG was higher than that of IG-110, though it was not subjected to an impregnation process. Under low-dose ion irradiation (<2.5 dpa), the microscopic morphology of the NSPG changes in a small magnitude, and the lamellar structure of graphite remains within the scale of more than a dozen nanometers, which exhibits a better resistance to irradiation. With the increase in irradiation dose, the accumulation of defects leads the graphite toward amorphization, which shows consistency with IG-110. This study provides an efficient and low-cost method for the preparation of graphite for MSR, and investigates the damage behavior of graphite, which is of great significance in accumulating data for the development of MSR nuclear graphite and the optimal design of graphite materials.

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Section: Characterization Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation Characteristics of Non-Impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors

Lian,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the mercury porosimetry has certain limits in that it is built on the assumption of the pores of graphite that can be regarded as cylinders. In addition, when the applied pressure exceeds approximately 18.2 MPa, the pores of the graphite internals may be locally deformed or damaged, resulting in high measured porosity [23]. Despite this, mercury porosimetry is still widely used for the measurement of pore size of graphite.…”

Section: Characterization Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation Characteristics of Non-impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors

Lian,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Non-impregnated small pore graphite (NSPG) with the compact microstructure for using in molten salt reactors (MSR) was prepared by the novel process, and the pore diameter of the obtained graphite was reduced to ~800 nm. The irradiation evaluation of the prepared graphite was carried out by 7 MeV Xe26+ ion irradiation and the microstructural changes of the graphite were investigated with IG-110 as a comparison. The graphitization degree of NSPG was higher than that of IG-110, though it was not subjected to an impregnation process. Under low-dose ion irradiation (

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“…Since part of the iodine on the graphite surface is rapidly released during annealing, and the internal iodine continues to diffuse to the surface, a wide iodine peak appears in all three kinds of graphite at 650 nm from the graphite surface. However, the iodine peak of microporous graphite G500 at 650 nm is not pronounced due to the formation of a stable iodine diffusion channel inside the G500 of the larger pore [10]. At depths greater than 1.4 µm, nanoporous graphite G400 and G450 have less iodine than microporous graphite G500, indicating that pore size is a key factor affecting iodine diffusion performance, and nanoporous graphite has better performance in blocking iodine diffusion than microporous graphite.…”

Section: Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Diffusion Behavior of Iodine in the Micro/Nano-Porous Graphite for Nuclear Reactor at High Temperature

Qi,

Lian,

et al. 2023

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The diffusion behavior of iodine in micro/nano-porous graphite under high-temperature conditions was studied using analysis methods such as Rutherford backscattering Spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that iodine diffusion leads to the Lattice Contractions in Microcrystals, a decrease in interlayer spacing, and a rise of defect density. And the reversal or repair of microstructure change was observed: the microcrystal size of the graphite increases, the interlayer spacing appears to return to the initial state, and the defect density decreases, upon diffusion of iodine out of iodine-loaded graphite. The comparative study comparing the iodine diffusion performance of nanoporous graphite (G400 and G450) between microporous graphite (G500), showed that nanoporous graphite exhibits a better barrier to the iodine diffusion. The study on the diffusion behavior of iodine in micro/nano-porous graphite holds substantial academic and engineering value for the screening, design, and performance optimization of nuclear graphite.

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Multiscale characterization and comparison of historical and modern nuclear graphite grades

Cited by 31 publications

References 86 publications

Irradiation Characteristics of Non-Impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors

Irradiation Characteristics of Non-Impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors

Irradiation Characteristics of Non-impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors

Diffusion Behavior of Iodine in the Micro/Nano-Porous Graphite for Nuclear Reactor at High Temperature

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