Multiscale ecological drivers of Echinococcus multilocularis spatial distribution in wild hosts: A systematic review

Simoncini, Andrea; Massolo, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00216

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The early clinical diagnosis of both AE and CE is difficult, since both diseases are typically asymptomatic long term [ 15 ], but early detection is important as it can result in earlier and more effective chemotherapeutic treatment [ 2 , 15 , 22 ]. The early detection of human infections of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus is also important in echinococcosis surveillance and in monitoring control programs [ 9 , 11 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human echinococcosis is acquired through the oral ingestion of viable parasite eggs contaminating the environment [11,16]. The accurate diagnosis of individuals exposed to Echinococcus eggs (egg antigen stimulation) and those with clinical manifestations (larval antigen stimulation) are important considerations for effective echinococcosis control programs [17,18]. The identification of infected subjects is usually based on evidence from symptomatic clinical findings, epidemiological data, and the combined use of imaging techniques, particularly US, and serology [1,2,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological Comparison of Native Antigen ELISAs with Rapid ICT Test Kits for the Diagnosis of Human Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in China

Yang,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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Background: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of native antigen ELISAs and ADAMU-AE/CE commercial ICT test kits in subjects either exposed to Echinococcus infection or with clinically diagnosed alveolar (AE) or cystic (CE) echinococcosis. Methods: A total of 370 subjects with a previous clinical confirmation of CE or AE from northwestern China were recruited. Serum samples were also obtained from 3923 children/teenagers during a community survey. All sera were tested using native antigen ELISAs. The ADAMU-AE/CE test kits were subsequently used for the serology of the 370 clinically confirmed individuals and of 251 children/teenagers that were ELISA antibody-positive for both Echinococcus species but ultrasound-negative during baseline survey. An analysis of the association between the serological tests and ultrasound classification was carried out amongst 89 AE and 164 CE cases. A Kappa consistency analysis was undertaken to compare the diagnostic performance of the native antigen ELISAs and the ADAMU kits and the ultrasound imaging results. The χ² test was also used for a comparison of the different seropositivity rates between the groups. Findings: There was poor consistency (Kappa = 0.26 and 0.28 for AE and CE respectively) between the native antigen ELISAs and the ADAMU kits for the diagnosis of AE and CE among the cases and the surveyed children/teenagers, but a relatively good consistency (Kappa = 0.63) between the ADAMU-AE kit and ultrasound observations for the AE cases. Additionally, of the 251 teenagers co-positive for both AE and CE antibodies by the native antigen ELISAs, only one was found positive by the ADAMU-AE kit, verified as a new AE case on subsequent ultrasound follow-up. The remainder (N = 250) were negative by serology using the ADAMU-AE/CE kits and by ultrasound examination. The two native antigen ELISAs did not discriminate well between cases of clinically diagnosed AE and CE. In contrast, ADAMU-AE and ADAMU-CE commercial ICT test kits readily differentiated cases of AE from CE with specificities of 99% for AE and 100% for CE. Conclusions: The ADAMU-AE/CE kits proved reliable, accurate, and amenable diagnostic tools in the clinical setting for confirmation of suspected AE/CE cases. The native antigen ELISAs tests can provide useful information on the level of human exposure to Echinococcus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Comparison of Native Antigen ELISAs with Rapid ICT Test Kits for the Diagnosis of Human Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in China

Yang,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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Neglected cystic and alveolar echinococcosis

Casulli,

Santoro,

Laurimäe

2025

Neglected Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance

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Retrospective multidisciplinary analysis of human alveolar echinococcosis in Hungary using spatial epidemiology approaches

Csulak,

Csivincsik,

Sréter

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Human alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), which is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm, is an increasing healthcare issue in Hungary. Among the 40 known cases in the country, 25 were detected in the last five years. Our study aimed to reveal the geographically underlying risk factors associated potentially with these cases. We investigated the spatial pattern and the impact of potential risk factors of HAE by cluster analysis, and local and global regression models. Also, a questionnaire survey on the patients’ lifestyle was implemented. We found two HAE hyperendemic foci in the country with very dissimilar biotic and climatic features, and controversial impact of different environmental factors. Four factors, viz. forest cover (β = 0.291, p < 0.0001), surface soil wetness (β = − 0.157, p = 0.033), fox infection rate (β = 0.369, p < 0.0001) and socio-economic development (β = − 0.216, p = 0.009), proved important countrywide. The most forested and the least developed districts showed the highest HAE risk. Among the patients, kitchen gardening (67.86%) and dog ownership (67.86%) seemed the riskiest activities. Our models detected an anomaly in one of the poorest regions of Hungary where all risk factors behaved contrary to that of the neighboring areas. This phenomenon was supposed to be the result of under-detection of the disease, and it called attention to the urgent priority of knowledge dissemination to the public and the healthcare professionals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-83119-7.

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Multiscale ecological drivers of Echinococcus multilocularis spatial distribution in wild hosts: A systematic review

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Serological Comparison of Native Antigen ELISAs with Rapid ICT Test Kits for the Diagnosis of Human Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in China

Serological Comparison of Native Antigen ELISAs with Rapid ICT Test Kits for the Diagnosis of Human Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in China

Neglected cystic and alveolar echinococcosis

Retrospective multidisciplinary analysis of human alveolar echinococcosis in Hungary using spatial epidemiology approaches

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