Multiscale entropy of ADHD children during resting state condition

Abstract

This present study aims to investigate neural mechanisms underlying ADHD compared to healthy children through the analysis of the complexity and the variability of the EEG brain signal using multiscale entropy (MSE), EEG signal standard deviation (SDs), as well as the mean, standard deviation (SDp) and coefficient of variation (CV) of absolute spectral power (PSD). For this purpose, a sample of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between 6 and 17 years old were selected based on the number of trials and diagnostic agreement, 32 for the open-eyes (OE) experimental condition and 25 children for the close-eyes (CE) experimental condition. Healthy control subjects were age- and gender-matched with the ADHD group. The MSE and SDs of resting-state EEG activity were calculated on 34 time scales using a coarse-grained procedure. In addition, the PSD was averaged in delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, and its mean, SDp, and CV were calculated. The results show that the MSE changes with age during development, increases as the number of scales increases and has a higher amplitude in controls than in ADHD. The absolute PSD results show CV differences between subjects in low and beta frequency bands, with higher variability values in the ADHD group. All these results suggest an increased EEG variability and reduced complexity in ADHD compared to controls.

Functional Connectivity and Complexity Analyses of Resting-State fMRI in Pre-Adolescents with ADHD

“…Sokunbi et al (2013) reported significant reductions of SampEn in adults with ADHD relative to the controls in the superior frontal and anterior cingulate gyrus which was replicated for pre-adolescents with ADHD in the current study (Figure 1(C)). Our results aligned with existing literature in resting-state using other neuroimaging modalities such as EEG and MEG in which complexity was found lower in the participants with ADHD than in the healthy controls (Angulo-Ruiz, Muñoz, Rodríguez-Martínez, Cabello-Navarro, & Gómez, 2022;Fernández et al, 2009;Gu, Liu, & Woltering, 2022;Gómez et al, 2013;Hu et al, 2021;Rezaeezadeh, Shamekhi, & Shamsi, 2020).…”

Unveiling the hidden electroencephalographical rhythms during development: aperiodic and periodic activity in healthy subjects

“…Canonical PSD EEG studies differ in their trend during maturation depending on the power analysis performed (absolute PSD or relative PSD). As several authors have argued, absolute PSD (Gasser et al, 1988;Miskovic et al, 2015;Rodríguez-Martínez et al, 2012Segalowitz et al, 2010) decreases with age, while the variability increases (Angulo-Ruiz et al, 2021, 2022, which has been attributed to the natural maturation processes of the nervous system, such as neural pruning (Whitford et al, 2007).…”

“…Canonical PSD EEG studies differ in their trend during maturation depending on the power analysis performed (absolute PSD or relative PSD). As several authors have argued, absolute PSD (Gasser et al, 1988; Miskovic et al, 2015; Rodríguez-Martínez et al, 2012, 2017; Segalowitz et al, 2010) decreases with age, while the variability increases (Angulo-Ruiz et al, 2021, 2022), which has been attributed to the natural maturation processes of the nervous system, such as neural pruning (Whitford et al, 2007). In this regard, our results emphasize that the decrease in absolute PSD would be mostly due to a decrease in the AP component with age, as reported in other studies (Cellier et al, 2021; Dave et al, 2018; Donoghue et al, 2020a, 2020b; He et al, 2019; Hill et al, 2022; McSweeney et al, 2021, 2023; Schaworonkow and Voytek, 2021) since it appears at all frequencies.…”

“…Participants did not report any neurological, psychological illness, or cognitive impairment. The recordings of some subjects included in the analyzed data have been previously employed (Rodríguez-Martínez et al, 2020;Angulo-Ruiz et al, 2021) with different purposes using the classical (canonical) PSD analysis without separating P and AP EEG components. Subjects were grouped into four groups of different age ranges: 6-9 years (63 subjects), 10-13 years (59 subjects), 14-17 years (48 subjects) and 18-29 years (70 subjects) for the analysis.…”

Astrocytes induce desynchronization and reduce predictability in neuron-astrocyte networks cultured on microelectrode arrays

“…Neural activity patterns in EEG signals have been more commonly analyzed with complexity and entropy measures [50]- [52]. Multiscale entropy, in particular, has been used to discriminate between different neurological disorders, and between patients with generalized seizures from those with focal seizures [50].…”