Multiscale experimental study on the effects of different weight-bearing levels during moderate treadmill exercise on bone quality in growing female rats

Fang, Jun; Gao, Jiazi; Gong, He; Zhang, Tianlong; Zhang, Rui; Zhan, Bangchao

doi:10.1186/s12938-019-0654-1

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown different results on whether treadmill running can reduce TRACP concentration. A study on the treadmill running in rats also found that rats increased bone formation after 8 weeks of running without affecting bone resorption [19]. This is consistent with our current conclusion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Firstly, findings obtained from 5-month-old male SD rats may not be applicable to female rats. A recent study showed that loading of a 1-month-old female rat with a weight-bearing and moderate-intensity treadmill can promote bone formation and improve trabecular microstructure [19]. Future work will include the effects of treadmill exercise with different intensities on bone quality of female SD rats with the same age to obtain more comprehensive results and conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study of a 1-month-old female rat backpack with weight-bearing and moderate intensity treadmill found that when rats ran at moderate intensity with an additional 12% weight-bearing level, bone formation was promoted and cancellous bone microstructure was significantly improved [19]. The choice of age and gender has an important impact on the experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of treadmill with different intensities on bone quality and muscle properties in adult rats

2019

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BackgroundBone is a dynamically hierarchical material that can be divided into length scales of several orders of magnitude. Exercise can cause bone deformation, which in turn affects bone mass and structure. This study aimed to study the effects of treadmill running with different intensities on the long bone integrity and muscle biomechanical properties of adult male rats.MethodsForty-eight 5-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i.e., sedentary group (SED), exercise with speed of 12 m/min group (EX12), 16 m/min group (EX16), and 20 m/min group (EX20). The exercise was carried out for 30 min every day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The femurs were examined using three-point bending test, microcomputer tomography scanning and nanoindentation test; the soleus muscle was dissected for tensile test; ALP and TRACP concentrations were measured by serum analysis.ResultsThe failure load was significantly increased by the EX12 group, whereas the elastic modulus was not significantly changed. The microstructure and mineral densities of the trabecular and cortical bone were significantly improved by the EX12 group. The mechanical properties of the soleus muscle were significantly increased by treadmill exercise. Bone formation showed significant increase by the EX12 group. Statistically higher nanomechanical properties of cortical bone were detected in the EX12 group.ConclusionThe speed of 12 m/min resulted in significant changes in the microstructure and biomechanical properties of bone; besides, it significantly increased the ultimate load of the soleus muscle. The different intensities of treadmill running in this study provide an experimental basis for the selection of exercise intensity for adult male rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of treadmill with different intensities on bone quality and muscle properties in adult rats

2019

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“…Exercise had a signi cant impact on bone histomorphology, and exercise could increase BMD and improve the related indicators of bone tissue microstructure (Fang et al, 2019;Troy et al, 2018). In this study, there were no signi cant differences between the TC and TY group.…”

Section: Exercise Improved the Bone Histomorphology Of The T2dm Micementioning

confidence: 48%

Exercise Improves Bone Formation by Upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin Signalling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Chen

Yang

Sun

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Bone formation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inhibited by decreased bone formation capacity. Exercise can significantly improve bone metabolism; however, the effect and mechanism of exercise on bone formation in T2DM is not known. In this study, we used the method of a high-fat diet and injecting STZ to build a T2DM mouse model, and the mice were treated with swimming and downhill running for 8 weeks. Their body weights were obtained using an electronic scale. Their bone length and wet weights were measured by Vernier callipers and an electronic balance. The bone microstructure of the distal femur was analysed by Alizarin red staining of paraffin sections and micro-CT. An ALP dye was used to detect the changes in ALP activity in the mouse skull and osteoblasts. Alizarin red staining was applied to stain the osteoblasts produced by BMSCs. The mRNA expression of related factors were detected by RT-PCR. Our results showed that the body weights of T2DM mice were significantly increased by exercise. When the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice is inhibited, their bone formation ability is significantly reduced, resulting in the degradation of the bone tissue morphology and structure. Except for the significant increase in body weight and Runx2 mRNA expression, swimming had no significant effect on bone formation-related indicators in T2DM mice. However, downhill running could significantly increase their body weight, while the tibia length, wet weight, and the trabecular morphological structure of the distal femur and the indexes of bone histomorphology were significantly improved by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. Compared with swimming, downhill running can activate the Wnt pathway to improve bone formation ability, thereby improving bone histomorphology. These findings suggest that exercise promotes OB differentiation, osteogenic capacity and enhances bone formation metabolism by regulating Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling in T2DM mice.

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“…To generate a more intense exercise and/or load, the principle of weight bearing was applied on the vertebrae of animals. A backpack, representing up to 20% of body weight of the animal tested, was used during the whole running session [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Physical Exercises On Bone Health Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Physical Exercise Always Improve Bone Quality in Rats?

Portier

Benaîtreau

Pallu

2020

Life

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For decades, the osteogenic effect from different physical activities on bone in rodents remained uncertain. This literature review presents for the first time the effects on five exercise models (treadmill running, wheel running, swimming, resistance training and vibration modes) in three different experimental rat groups (males, females, osteopenic) on bone quality. The bone parameters presented are bone mineral density, micro-architectural and mechanical properties, and osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast parameters. This review shows that physical activities have a positive effect (65% of the results) on bone status, but we clearly observed a difference amongst the different protocols. Even if treadmill running is the most used protocol, the resistance training constitutes the first exercise model in term of osteogenic effects (87% of the whole results obtained on this model). The less osteogenic model is the vibration mode procedure (31%). It clearly appears that the gender plays a role on the bone response to swimming and wheel running exercises. Besides, we did not observe negative results in the osteopenic population with impact training, wheel running and vibration activities. Moreover, about osteoblast/osteocyte parameters, we conclude that high impact and resistance exercise (such jumps and tower climbing) seems to increase bone formation more than running or aerobic exercise. Among the different protocols, literature has shown that the treadmill running procedure mainly induces osteogenic effects on the viability of the osteocyte lineage in both males and females or ovariectomized rats; running in voluntary wheels contributes to a negative effect on bone metabolism in older male models; whole-body vertical vibration is not an osteogenic exercise in female and ovariectomized rats; whereas swimming provides controversial results in female models. For osteoclast parameters only, running in a voluntary wheel for old males, the treadmill running program at high intensity in ovariectomized rats, and the swimming program in a specific ovariectomy condition have detrimental consequences.

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Multiscale experimental study on the effects of different weight-bearing levels during moderate treadmill exercise on bone quality in growing female rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of treadmill with different intensities on bone quality and muscle properties in adult rats

Effects of treadmill with different intensities on bone quality and muscle properties in adult rats

Exercise Improves Bone Formation by Upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin Signalling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Does Physical Exercise Always Improve Bone Quality in Rats?

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