Multiscale heterogeneity in filamentous microbes

Zacchetti, Boris; Wösten, Han A. B.; Claessen, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.002

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…However, the diameter of fungal hyphae has been reported to range from 2 to 10 µm (Meyer et al, 2020; Zacchetti et al, 2018). We decided to also consider in the simulations the hyphal diameter of filamentous bacteria (about 0.5–1 µm), as filamentous bacteria are morphologically similar to filamentous fungi (Nielsen, 1996; Zacchetti et al, 2018), with Streptomycetes as important cell factories for antibiotic production (Nepal & Wang, 2019). In our simulations, the parameter branch angle was set to 20°, 55°, 90°, 125°, or 160°, whereby angles larger than 90° orient the branch towards the opposite direction of the leading hyphae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the diameter of fungal hyphae has been reported to range from 2 to 10 μm (Meyer et al, 2020;Zacchetti et al, 2018). We decided to also consider in the simulations the hyphal diameter of filamentous bacteria (about 0.5-1 μm), as filamentous bacteria are morphologically similar to filamentous fungi (Nielsen, 1996;Zacchetti et al, 2018), with…”

Section: Correlation Of Morphology and Diffusive Mass Transport In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal law for diffusive mass transport through mycelial networks

Schmideder

Müller

Barthel

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Filamentous fungal cell factories play a pivotal role in biotechnology and circular economy. Hyphal growth and macroscopic morphology are critical for product titers; however, these are difficult to control and predict. Usually pellets, which are dense networks of branched hyphae, are formed during industrial cultivations. They are nutrient‐ and oxygen‐depleted in their core due to limited diffusive mass transport, which compromises productivity of bioprocesses. Here, we demonstrate that a generalized law for diffusive mass transport exists for filamentous fungal pellets. Diffusion computations were conducted based on three‐dimensional X‐ray microtomography measurements of 66 pellets originating from four industrially exploited filamentous fungi and based on 3125 Monte Carlo simulated pellets. Our data show that the diffusion hindrance factor follows a scaling law with respect to the solid hyphal fraction. This law can be harnessed to predict diffusion of nutrients, oxygen, and secreted metabolites in any filamentous pellets and will thus advance the rational design of pellet morphologies on genetic and process levels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlation Of Morphology and Diffusive Mass Transport In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal law for diffusive mass transport through mycelial networks

Schmideder

Müller

Barthel

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…It indicates that cable bacteria are geared up to cope with rapid redox changes, as would happen when filaments frequently relocate between oxic and suboxic zones. Multicellularity has emerged independently more than 25 times in the history of life (36), and represents a highly diverse phenomenon, as it has been realized in different ways and with different degrees of integration (37,38). Cable bacteria add another twist to this story, as the filaments display a unique form of metabolic integration facilitated by electrical currents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Division of labor and growth during electrical cooperation in multicellular cable bacteria

Geerlings

Karman

Trashin

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Multicellularity is a key evolutionary innovation, leading to coordinated activity and resource sharing among cells, which generally occurs via the physical exchange of chemical compounds. However, filamentous cable bacteria display a unique metabolism in which redox transformations in distant cells are coupled via long-distance electron transport rather than an exchange of chemicals. This challenges our understanding of organismal functioning, as the link among electron transfer, metabolism, energy conservation, and filament growth in cable bacteria remains enigmatic. Here, we show that cells within individual filaments of cable bacteria display a remarkable dichotomy in biosynthesis that coincides with redox zonation. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry combined with 13C (bicarbonate and propionate) and 15N-ammonia isotope labeling reveals that cells performing sulfide oxidation in deeper anoxic horizons have a high assimilation rate, whereas cells performing oxygen reduction in the oxic zone show very little or no label uptake. Accordingly, oxygen reduction appears to merely function as a mechanism to quickly dispense of electrons with little to no energy conservation, while biosynthesis and growth are restricted to sulfide-respiring cells. Still, cells can immediately switch roles when redox conditions change, and show no differentiation, which suggests that the “community service” performed by the cells in the oxic zone is only temporary. Overall, our data reveal a division of labor and electrical cooperation among cells that has not been seen previously in multicellular organisms.

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“…The advent of sequencing capabilities and bioinformatics pipelines has made techniques for analyzing subtle differences in transcriptional or translational programs between hyphae possible [ 64 ]. The coupling of techniques, such as laser capture microdissection and RNA-seq [ 65 ], has been used to isolate specific fungal tissues to assess differences in gene expression.…”

Section: Differentiation Within Fungal Syncytiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Syncytia in Fungi

Mela

Rico-Ramírez

Glass

2020

Cells

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Filamentous fungi typically grow as interconnected multinucleate syncytia that can be microscopic to many hectares in size. Mechanistic details and rules that govern the formation and function of these multinucleate syncytia are largely unexplored, including details on syncytial morphology and the regulatory controls of cellular and molecular processes. Recent discoveries have revealed various adaptations that enable fungal syncytia to accomplish coordinated behaviors, including cell growth, nuclear division, secretion, communication, and adaptation of the hyphal network for mixing nuclear and cytoplasmic organelles. In this review, we highlight recent studies using advanced technologies to define rules that govern organizing principles of hyphal and colony differentiation, including various aspects of nuclear and mitochondrial cooperation versus competition. We place these findings into context with previous foundational literature and present still unanswered questions on mechanistic aspects, function, and morphological diversity of fungal syncytia across the fungal kingdom.

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Multiscale heterogeneity in filamentous microbes

Cited by 26 publications

References 165 publications

Universal law for diffusive mass transport through mycelial networks

Universal law for diffusive mass transport through mycelial networks

Division of labor and growth during electrical cooperation in multicellular cable bacteria

Syncytia in Fungi

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