Multiscale model for the effects of adaptive immunity suppression on the viral therapy of cancer

Paiva, Leticia R.; Silva, Hallan S; Ferreira, Silvio C.; Martins, Marcelo L.

doi:10.1088/1478-3975/10/2/025005

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Biophysicists have resumed a mechanical and physical glimpse at tumor and immune system formation and its application in therapeutic strategies in adults (Paiva et al, 2013;Stromberg and Carlson, 2013;Yu et al, 2021;Pratavieira et al, 2022). Today, in my view, there are incredible methods to evaluate textural gradients in a non-invasive way using embryological models (Zhu et al, 2023).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. IV. The neoplastic basis for the formation of the innate immune system

Cofre

2024

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The formation of the innate immune system of animals can only be envisioned after the development of the first metazoan embryo. The decisive role of Embryology in understanding the evolution of the immune system has been inexplicably disregarded in the history of science. Some characteristics of our holozoan ancestors, including macrophage-like movement and enteric phagocytosis, were suppressed by the formation of chains of physically attached cells in the context of embryo multicellularity. The formation of the archenteron during morphogenesis of the first embryo resulted in a meta-organism whose survival was dependent on the ability to perform enteric phagocytosis (nutrition on bacteria). By recognizing the neoplastic basis of embryo formation, it is possible to venture a glimpse at its other face, a process that becomes evident when the extracellular matrix and cadherin junctions are destroyed. What ensues is metastasis (in the case of cancer) or an alternative version controlled by cell differentiation (during embryogenesis). In the context of innate immunity, the development of mesogleal cells by epithelial–mesenchymal transition and differentiation into cells specialized in bacterial recognition allowed the newly formed animal to preserve homeostasis, an innovation that has been maintained throughout evolution. In this article, I will share my first reflections on the embryonic origin of innate immunity and its close relationship with cancer. Innate immunity arises naturally during embryogenesis, which explains why the immune system typically does not react against cancer cells. In its essence, the immune system was created from them. Here, I argue that the first embryo can be understood as a benign tumor nourished and protected by the innate immune system.

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Section: Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. IV. The neoplastic basis for the formation of the innate immune system

Cofre

2024

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…The PRAME gene was overexpressed in 84% of samples, allowing it to be a strong candidate for immunotherapy. Paiva et al (2013) published an article about oncolytic virotherapy showing its innovative and highly promising route for treating cancer. Authors proposed a multi-scale mathematical model to study how the immune response interferes with the viral oncolytic activity.…”

Section: Non-specific Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Processes in Cancer: A Link Between Inflammation and Immunity

Victorino¹

2014

American Journal of Immunology

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Cancer is a worldwide issue and one of the most relevant death causes in child and adults. There are several causes that can lead to cancer development. It is well known that inflammation is one known hallmark of cancer and it favors tumor cells growth. Several alterations in immunological and inflammatory processes are caused in response to tumor presence and both innate and adaptive immunity have effective mechanism to destroy tumor cells. Nevertheless, distinct tumor types developed mechanisms to evade anti-tumor immunological responses. Here, we revise researches regarding inflammation and immune response during cancer development, as well as cancer signaling pathways and immunotherapy that have been performed in Brazil. The better understanding of the mechanisms regarding cancer and immunological processes is of huge importance and it may support the development of new cancer targets.

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“…The great majority of these models are single-scale models, which focus on spatial tumour invasion [5,16,12], on tumour oncolytic therapies [11,14,13,17,21,28,42], or both [6,24,27,38,43]. More recently, various multi-scale mathematical models have been derived to reproduce and investigate biological processes that take place at different spatial scales [1,2,3,4,30,31,39,36]. For example, [39] introduced a multi-scale moving boundary model for cancer invasion, which focused on the local interactions between cancer cells and the ECM, via matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) that act at the micro-scale level of the invading tumour boundary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal multiscale modelling of tumour-oncolytic viruses interactions within a heterogeneous fibrous/non-fibrous extracellular matrix

Alsisi¹,

Eftimie²,

Trucu³

2021

Preprint

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In this study we investigate computationally tumour-oncolytic virus (OV) interactions that take place within a heterogeneous ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM). The ECM is viewed as a mixture of two constitutive phases, namely a fibre phase and a non-fibre phase. The multiscale mathematical model presented here focuses on the nonlocal cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, and how these interactions might be impacted by the infection of cancer cells with the OV. At macroscale we track the kinetics of cancer cells, virus particles and the ECM. At microscale we track (i) the degradation of ECM by matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) produced by cancer cells, which further influences the movement of tumour boundary; (ii) the re-arrangement of the microfibres that influences the re-arrangement of macrofibres (i.e., fibres at macroscale). With the help of this new multiscale model, we investigate two questions: (i) whether the infected cancer cell fluxes are the result of local or non-local advection in response to ECM density; and (ii) what is the effect of ECM fibres on the the spatial spread of oncolytic viruses and the outcome of oncolytic virotherapy.

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Multiscale model for the effects of adaptive immunity suppression on the viral therapy of cancer

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. IV. The neoplastic basis for the formation of the innate immune system

The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. IV. The neoplastic basis for the formation of the innate immune system

Immunological Processes in Cancer: A Link Between Inflammation and Immunity

Nonlocal multiscale modelling of tumour-oncolytic viruses interactions within a heterogeneous fibrous/non-fibrous extracellular matrix

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