Multiscale physics of ion-induced radiation damage

Multiscale approach for modeling electron spectra induced by photons from solids

“…The screening response to the sudden creation of a hole in a core level is about one order of magnitude slower than the photoionization. Atomic‐like excitations accompanying the photoionization process localized to atoms and molecules embedded in solids can proceed in the femtosecond to picosecond range in the space region of tenths of Angstrom to 10 nm size, while the timescale for the collective‐type excitations, such as plasmon excitations and that for the transport of secondary electrons, is roughly the same as for the photoionization . This latter picture is consistent with the approach of the ‘one step models’ describing photoemission from solids.…”

“…the time and space frame of the events leading to emission of photoelectrons or Auger electrons, is fairly complicated. Photoabsorption usually takes place in the attosecond range and the primary photoionization process in atoms and molecules in the range of attosecond to several femtoseconds, and all of these events are localized in a space region of Angstrom to 10 nm size . The typical energies requested for ionizing atomic core levels are in the range of several tens of electron volts to kiloelectron volts range, while in the case of valence levels, in the range of several electron volts.…”

“…The Auger decay processes of excited states are usually slower, they are proceeding in the range of femtosecond to picosecond; the fastest processes are the Coster–Kronig transitions between close atomic levels and the slowest ones the core–valence–valence Auger transitions. Transitions between vibration levels of atoms in molecules in solids and phonon excitations during photoionization are progressing on a timescale of a tenth of a picosecond, while delocalization of vacancies takes about a picosecond …”

“…Photoabsorption usually takes place in the attosecond range and the primary photoionization process in atoms and molecules in the range of attosecond to several femtoseconds, and all of these events are localized in a space region of Angstrom to 10 nm size. [1][2][3] The typical energies requested for ionizing atomic core levels are in the range of several tens of electron volts to kiloelectron volts range, while in the case of valence levels, in the range of several electron volts. The screening response to the sudden creation of a hole in a core level is about one order of magnitude slower than the photoionization.…”

Surfaces and Interfaces: Combining Electronic Structure and Electron Transport Models for Describing Electron Spectra

“…Table 1 compares the spatial, time, and typical excitation energy scales of selected phenomena. The data (Krausz and Ivanov, 2009;Surdutovich and Solov'yov, 2014) in Table 1 demonstrate that the phenomena influencing electron spectra take place on very wide scales, sometimes encompassing differences of many orders of magnitude. This suggests the need for multiscale approaches when extracting electronic structure or chemical analytical information from electron spectra.…”