Multiscale physics of rubber-ice friction

Tuononen, Ari J.; Kriston, András; Persson, B. N. J.

doi:10.1063/1.4962576

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For scanning the surface of the ice sheet a white light interferometer (Bruker Contour GT-K Automated System), which was also placed in the cold room, was used. The same experimental methodology has been previously used to study rubber-ice friction 9 and ice skate friction 10 . A plate was installed in the interferometer in order to attach the removable piece of ice exactly in the same position in the different experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A surface topography analysis of the curling stone curl mechanism

Honkanen

Ovaska

Alava

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The curling motion of the curling stone on ice is well-known: if a small clockwise rotational velocity is imposed to the stone when it is released, in addition to the linear propagation velocity, the stone will curl to the right. A similar curl to the left is obtained by counter-clockwise rotation. This effect is widely used in the game to reach spots behind the already thrown stones, and the rotation also causes the stone to propagate in a more predictable fashion. Here, we report on novel experimental results which support one of the proposed theories to account for the curling motion of the stone, known as the “scratch-guiding theory”. By directly scanning the ice surface with a white light interferometer before and after each slide, we observed cross-scratches caused by the leading and trailing parts of the circular contact band of the linearly moving and rotating stone. By analyzing these scratches and a typical curling stone trajectory, we show that during most of the slide, the transverse force responsible for the sideways displacement of the stone is linearly proportional to the angle between these cross-scratches.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A surface topography analysis of the curling stone curl mechanism

Honkanen

Ovaska

Alava

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this paper we study the friction between rubber and ice. Rubber friction on ice has many applications, and is particularly important for understanding the grip of tires on icy road surfaces [19][20][21][22][23][24]. We will show that for very low temperatures (say T < −15 ○ C) rubber friction on ice gives a velocity and temperature dependent friction coefficient very similar to that of ice sliding on ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Rubber–Ice friction

Persson

Tada²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is slid on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from −38○C to −2○C, and sliding speeds ranging from 3 µm/s to 1 cm/s. At low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber surface. At temperatures above −10○C or for high enough sliding speeds a thin premelted water film occur on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is small. In this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice asperities.

show abstract

“…As a minimum, mixed-mode friction occurred. Tuononen et al (2016) sought to clarify the mechanics of rubber-ice sliding via observations guided by multi-scale friction theory (Perrson, 2015). They conducted repeated, unidirectional sweeps of rubber on ice and measured the resulting changes in surface topography at three magnifications using white-light interferometry.…”

Section: Evidence Of Ice-and Snow-friction Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Mechanisms Thought to Govern Ice and Snow Friction and Their Interplay With Substrate Brittle Behavior

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sliding friction on ice and snow is characteristically low at temperatures common on Earth’s surface. This slipperiness underlies efficient sleds, winter sports, and the need for specialized tires. Friction can also play a micro-mechanical role affecting ice compressive and crushing strengths. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction, but directly validating the underlying mechanics has been difficult. This may be changing, as instruments capable of micro-scale measurements and imaging are now being brought to bear on friction studies. Nevertheless, given the broad regimes of practical interest (interaction length, temperature, speed, pressure, slider properties, etc.), it may be unrealistic to expect that a single mechanism accounts for why ice and snow are slippery. Because bulk ice, and the ice grains that constitute snow, are solids near their melting point at terrestrial temperatures, most research has focused on whether a lubricating water film forms at the interface with a slider. However, ice is extremely brittle, and dry-contact abrasion and wear at the front of sliders could prevent or delay a transition to lubricated contact. Also, water is a poor lubricant, and lubricating films thick enough to separate surface asperities may not form for many systems of interest. This article aims to assess our knowledge of the mechanics underlying ice and snow friction. We begin with a brief summary of the mechanical behavior of ice and snow substrates, behavior which perhaps has not received sufficient attention in friction studies. We then assess the strengths and weaknesses of five ice- and snow-friction hypotheses: pressure-melting, self-lubrication, quasi-liquid layers, abrasion, and ice-rich slurries. We discuss their assumptions and review evidence to determine whether they are consistent with the postulated mechanics. Lastly, we identify key issues that warrant additional research to resolve the specific mechanics and the transitions between them that control ice and snow friction across regimes of practical interest.

show abstract

Multiscale physics of rubber-ice friction

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

A surface topography analysis of the curling stone curl mechanism

A surface topography analysis of the curling stone curl mechanism

Rubber–Ice friction

Assessing the Mechanisms Thought to Govern Ice and Snow Friction and Their Interplay With Substrate Brittle Behavior

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About