Multisensory stimulation with other-race faces and the reduction of racial prejudice

Estudillo, Alejandro J.; Bindemann, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.04.006

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similarly, Inzlicht, Gutsell, and Legault (2012) reported that negative attitudes toward a racial outgroup were reduced by synchronizing one’s own movements with those of an outgroup member. It is true that such a modulation of implicit racial attitudes has not been observed in a recent study using a static enfacement paradigm (Estudillo & Bindemann, 2016). This suggests that embodiment illusions are not always effective in biasing self- and/or other-perception, especially when concerning body parts that are strongly tied to the self-identity, just like faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Other studies suggest that embodying another person’s hand, face, or body affects people’s attitudes towards the other or the other’s social group (for a review, see Maister, Slater, Sanchez-Vives & Tsakiris, 2015). For example, occupying a virtual child body facilitates combining the self with child-like attributes in an implicit-association test (Banakou, Groten, & Slater, 2013), owning a dark-skinned rubber hand or a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias of light-skinned for dark-skinned people (Maister, Sebanz, Knoblich, & Tsakiris, 2013; Farmer, Maister, & Tsakiris, 2013; Peck, Seinfeld, Aglioti, & Slater, 2013; but see Estudillo & Bindemann, 2016), embodying avatars of old people, compared to young people, reduces negative stereotyping of the elderly (Yee & Bailenson, 2006), and placing participants in avatars with a superhero ability promotes helping behavior (Rosenberg, Baughman, & Bailenson, 2013). These observations suggest that feature migration can change both attitudes and behavior, which fits with the idea that feature codes are sensorimotor in nature, in the sense that they are activated by sensory information (i.e., perception) and can regulate both perception and overt/covert behavior (Hommel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality assimilation across species: enfacing an ape reduces own intelligence and increases emotion attribution to apes

Sellaro

Hommel

2018

Psychological Research

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Seeing another person's face while that face and one's own face are stroked synchronously or controlling a virtual face by moving one's own induces the illusion that the other face has become a part of oneself-the enfacement effect. Here, we demonstrate that humans can enface even members of another species and that this enfacement promotes "feature migration" in terms of intelligence and emotional attribution from the representation of other to the representation of oneself, and vice versa. We presented participants with a virtual human face moving in or out of sync with their own face, and then morphed it into an ape face. Participants tended to perceive the ape face as their own in the sync condition, as indicated by body-ownership and inclusion-of-others-in-the-self ratings. More interestingly, synchrony also reduced performance in a fluid-intelligence task and increased the willingness to attribute emotions to apes. These observations, which fully replicated in another experiment, fit with the idea that self and other are represented in terms of feature codes, just like non-social events (as implied by the Theory of Event Coding), so that representational self-other overlap invites illusory conjunctions of features from one representation to the other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality assimilation across species: enfacing an ape reduces own intelligence and increases emotion attribution to apes

Sellaro

Hommel

2018

Psychological Research

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“…Effects of embodiment on racial bias have also been found when using VR to generate a full-body illusion (Peck, Seinfeld, Aglioti, & Slater, 2013) and similar changes in implicit attitudes to children have been found after embodying a child avatar (Banakou, Groten, & Slater, 2013). However, another recent study (Estudillo & Bindemann, 2016) found no evidence that multisensory stimulation of the face led to changes in racial bias. This may be due to the fact that, unlike the RHI or the full-body illusion, visualtactile stimulation to the face does not produce a strong subjective feeling of embodiment, probably due to the greater distinctiveness of facial features compared to representations of hands or even body shape.…”

Section: Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Farmer

Maister

2017

Soc Just Res

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The self is one the most important concepts in social cognition and plays a crucial role in determining questions such as which social groups we view ourselves as belonging to and how we relate to others. In the past decade, the self has also become an important topic within cognitive neuroscience with an explosion in the number of studies seeking to understand how different aspects of the self are represented within the brain. In this paper, we first outline the recent research on the neurocognitive basis of the self and highlight a key distinction between two forms of self-representation. The first is the ''bodily'' self, which is thought to be the basis of subjective experience and is grounded in the processing of sensorimotor signals. The second is the ''conceptual'' self, which develops through our interactions of other and is formed of a rich network of associative and semantic information. We then investigate how both the bodily and conceptual self are related to social cognition with an emphasis on how self-representations are involved in the processing and creation of prejudice. We then highlight new research demonstrating that the bodily and conceptual self are both malleable and that this malleability can be harnessed in order to achieve a reduction in social prejudice. In particular, we will outline strong evidence that modulating people's perceptions of the bodily self can lead to changes in attitudes at the conceptual level. We will highlight a series of studies demonstrating that social attitudes towards various social out-groups (e.g. racial groups) can lead to a reduction in prejudice towards that group. Finally, we seek to place these findings in a broader social context by considering how innovations in virtual reality technology can allow experiences of taking on another's identity are likely to become both more commonplace and more convincing in the future and the various opportunities and risks associated with using such technology to reduce prejudice.

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“…This makes the own face a unique piece of our physical identity and, therefore, the emblem of the self (McNeill, 1998). Behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging research have tried to unravel different aspects about the relevance of the own face (e.g., Tong and Nakayama, 1999; Brédart and Devue, 2006; Estudillo and Bindemann, 2016, 2017) and its different neural markers (Devue and Brédart, 2011). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory stimulation with other-race faces and the reduction of racial prejudice

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Personality assimilation across species: enfacing an ape reduces own intelligence and increases emotion attribution to apes

Personality assimilation across species: enfacing an ape reduces own intelligence and increases emotion attribution to apes

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Commentary: My face or yours? Event-related potential correlates of self-face processing

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