Multishelled Transition Metal‐Based Microspheres: Synthesis and Applications for Batteries and Supercapacitors

Abstract

With the rapid growth of material innovations, multishelled hollow nanostructures are of tremendous interest due to their unique structural features and attractive physicochemical properties. Continued effort has been made in the geometric manipulation, composition complexity, and construction diversity of this material, expanding its applications. Energy storage technology has benefited from the large surface area, short transport path, and excellent buffering ability of the nanostructures. In this work, the general synthesis of multishelled hollow structures, especially with architecture versatility, is summarized. A wealth of attractive properties is also discussed for a wide area of potential applications based on energy storage systems, including Li‐ion/Na‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and Li–S batteries. Finally, the emerging challenges and outlook for multishelled hollow structures are mentioned.

Recent progress in the syntheses and applications of multishelled hollow nanostructures

“…17 Ren et al and Liu et al summarized the research progress made in the synthesis of such materials and their promising applications in energy conversion and storage. 18,19 Wang et al gave a brief summary on the advancements made in multishelled hollow nanostructures for LIBs. 20 Mao et al highlighted the synthesis methods, particularly the sequential template approach, toward multishelled hollow nanostructures for various applications.…”

Effect of Crystal Structure and Morphology on Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Performances for Na‐Ion Batteries

“…Sodium ion batteries (SIB), however, possess a less negative standard reduction potential for the Na + aq /Na (‐2.7 V vs SHE) as compared to Li + aq /Li (‐3.04 V vs SHE), larger ionic radius for Na + (1.07 Å) as compared to Li + (0.76 Å), which cause long term structural instability, lower gravimetric capacity, lower energy density and slow ion diffusivity (due to sluggish sodium mobility) . In order to optimize SIB performances and to overcome part of these challenges, the scientific community focused on design of new electrode materials (EMs) and precise controlled architecture of EMs . These EMs were engineered to facilitate highly reversible sodiation/desodiation with high kinetics and energy density.…”

Hierarchical Porous Molybdenum Carbide Based Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production

“…Due to the stability of the hard template structure, the precursors are often used as "microreactor" in the synthesis process (Liu et al, 2019). The colloidal crystal (Thompson et al, 2019) contains a large amount of monodisperse colloidal particles, which are uniformly arranged in three dimensions.…”