Multisite response of sugarcane to nitrogen rates and split application under Brazilian field conditions

Abstract

Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) producer, with 8.5 million ha and 643 million t of stalks produced annually. Sugarcane production has a significant impact in the Brazilian economy due to the large production of sugar, ethanol, and energy. The low N use efficiency is a challenge for sugarcane production and may be due to a lack of synchrony between fertilizer application and maximum N demand. This study tested the hypothesis that split N application can improve sugarcane yield by matching fertilizer application and crop demand. We conducted 25 green sugarcane field trials in south‐central Brazil (15 in the first ratoon stage [Year 1] and 10 in the second ratoon stage [Year 2]) divided into three harvest periods: autumn, winter, and spring. We adopted a factorial design at the autumn and winter sites, evaluating N rates and methods of application (total or split), and a complete block design in spring, evaluating N rates. Measurements included stalk yield, total recoverable sugars, and sugar yield. Nitrogen responsiveness was higher in sugarcane harvested in autumn compared with winter or spring. Split N application (i.e., applying half of the N soon after harvest and half at the beginning of the rainy season) showed the potential to increase yields by 3–7 Mg ha−1 in autumn but not in winter. Among the seven responsive sites, the yield gain was 9–10.5 Mg ha−1, and the average yield at 0.8 kg N Mg−1 was statistically similar to those at 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 kg N Mg−1.

Soil tillage systems and forms of lime application on soil attribute enhancements in ratoon sugarcane

“…The residual effect of liming on soil fertility observed in our study is important because sugarcane productivity gradually decreases over years of cultivation. In addition, sugarcane requires high amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and extracts large amounts of nutrients (Crusciol et al, 2017; de Campos, Penn, et al, 2022; Otto et al, 2021). These requirements are associated with the exudation of organic acids by the roots, which may cause soil reacidification.…”

Assessment of Method and Application Schedule of Fertilizer N and K on Growth and Productivity of Summer Planted Sugarcane Crop (Saccharum officinarum L.) under Wide Spacing

“…Nitrogen management for sugarcane enhances plant height, stem diameter, and the number of tillers, parameters that are closely related to crop yield. Maximizing the availability of N during the active growth period of crop by establishing a synchrony between crop nutrition demand and supply enhances the chances of improving yield [14]. The present study aims to explore the role of both timing and method of fertilizer application in developing effective precision nutrient management strategies.…”

Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition promotes photosynthesized carbon sequestration in the soil

“…Sugarcane is a high N-demanding crop, with sufficient N being the basis for high yield, while N fertilization also affects the fate of photosynthesized C in the plant-soil system (Otto et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022). Increasing N fertilization not only promotes plant growth but also increases the chlorophyll content in the leaves and thus the photosynthesized rate of the plant, which further affects the input of photosynthesized C into the plant and its transport to roots and soil (Padilla et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2019).…”